# Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.
> 水素水摂取が2型糖尿病および耐糖能異常患者の脂質・糖代謝に与える影響：無作為化二重盲検クロスオーバー試験


## Abstract

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study enrolled 30 patients with diet- and exercise-managed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 6 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Participants consumed 900 mL/day of hydrogen-rich water or placebo water for 8 weeks, separated by a 12-week washout. Hydrogen-rich water was associated with significant reductions in modified LDL cholesterol (−15.5%, P<0.01), small dense LDL (−5.7%, P<0.05), and urinary 8-isoprostanes (−6.6%, P<0.05). Trends toward lower oxidized LDL and free fatty acids, and higher adiponectin and extracellular superoxide dismutase were also observed. Notably, 4 of 6 IGT patients showed normalization of oral glucose tolerance test results after hydrogen-rich water intake, suggesting a potential role in reducing insulin resistance and metabolic oxidative burden.

### Mechanism

Hydrogen's reducing properties are thought to scavenge reactive oxygen species, thereby decreasing lipid peroxidation markers such as modified LDL and urinary 8-isoprostanes, and attenuating oxidative stress-driven insulin resistance.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Kajiyama S, Hasegawa G, Asano M, Hosoda H, Fukui M, Nakamura N, et al.
- **Journal**: Nutr Res
- **Year**: 2008
- **PMID**: [19083400](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19083400/)
- **DOI**: [10.1016/j.nutres.2008.01.008](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2008.01.008)
- **Study type**: human randomized controlled trial
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 19083400. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/19083400
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [19083400](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19083400/)