# Hydrogen in drinking water reduces dopaminergic neuronal loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
> 水素含有飲料水によるパーキンソン病MPTPマウスモデルでのドーパミン神経細胞死の抑制


## Abstract

This animal study examined whether hydrogen-enriched drinking water could protect dopaminergic neurons in mice exposed to MPTP, a neurotoxin used to model Parkinson's disease, under both acute and chronic dosing regimens. Consumption of H2-containing water significantly reduced dopaminergic neuronal loss. Notably, even a low H2 concentration of 0.08 ppm produced effects comparable to saturated hydrogen water at 1.5 ppm. Within the nigro-striatal pathway, levels of 8-oxoguanine (a DNA oxidation marker) and 4-hydroxynonenal (a lipid peroxidation marker) were markedly decreased in H2-treated animals. However, superoxide production as measured by dihydroethidium injection was not significantly altered. These findings suggest that orally administered H2 at low concentrations can attenuate oxidative damage in the brain relevant to neurodegeneration.

### Mechanism

H2 in drinking water reduces oxidative damage in the nigro-striatal pathway by lowering 8-oxoguanine (DNA oxidation) and 4-hydroxynonenal (lipid peroxidation) levels, thereby protecting dopaminergic neurons from MPTP-induced degeneration.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Fujita K, Seike T, Yutsudo N, Ohno M, Yamada H, Yamaguchi H, et al.
- **Journal**: PLoS One
- **Year**: 2009 (2009-09-30)
- **PMID**: [19789628](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19789628/)
- **DOI**: [10.1371/journal.pone.0007247](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007247)
- **PMC**: [PMC2747267](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2747267/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 19789628. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/19789628
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [19789628](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19789628/)