# Concomitant microbial generation of palladium nanoparticles and hydrogen to immobilize chromate.
> パラジウムナノ粒子と水素の同時微生物生成によるクロム酸塩の固定化


## Abstract

Using Clostridium pasteurianum BC1, Pd(II) ions were reduced to form palladium nanoparticles (bio-Pd) that deposited primarily on the cell wall and within the cytoplasm. When loaded with bio-Pd and supplied with glucose, these bacterial cells fermentatively generated hydrogen while catalytically converting soluble Cr(VI) to insoluble Cr(III). Both batch and aquifer microcosm experiments confirmed effective Cr(VI) removal by bio-Pd-loaded cells, whereas killed or Pd-free cultures showed no reductive removal. The findings demonstrate a novel in situ approach in which microbially produced hydrogen is directly coupled to bio-Pd-catalyzed chromate reduction, offering a potential advantage over conventional groundwater remediation strategies that require pre-formed nanoparticles or external hydrogen addition.

### Mechanism

Fermentatively produced hydrogen by C. pasteurianum BC1 serves as a reductant, with bio-Pd nanoparticles on the cell surface acting as catalysts to convert soluble Cr(VI) into insoluble Cr(III), thereby immobilizing chromate.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Chidambaram D, Hennebel T, Taghavi S, Mast J, Boon N, Verstraete W, et al.
- **Journal**: Environ Sci Technol
- **Year**: 2010 (2010-10-01)
- **PMID**: [20822130](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20822130/)
- **DOI**: [10.1021/es101559r](https://doi.org/10.1021/es101559r)
- **Study type**: other
- **Delivery route**: in vitro
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

This is basic research at the cellular or molecular level. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

This is basic research at the cellular or molecular level. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 20822130. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/20822130
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [20822130](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20822130/)