# Protective effect of hydrogen-rich water against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using blood oxygenation level-dependent MR imaging.
> 血中酸素レベル依存MRIを用いたラットにおける水素水のゲンタマイシン誘発腎毒性に対する保護効果の評価


## Abstract

This study examined intrarenal oxygenation changes in a rat model of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity (GIN) using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI. Twenty-one rats were allocated to three groups: a control group receiving standard water without gentamicin (GM), a GM group receiving subcutaneous GM injections (80 mg/kg/day for 7 days) with standard water, and a GM+hydrogen-rich water (HW) group receiving the same GM regimen alongside free access to HW. T2*-weighted images were acquired at Days 0, 2, 4, and 7 on a 1.5-tesla MRI system, and R2* values were derived. In the GM group, cortical R2* values declined significantly from Day 2 onward, indicating impaired oxygen utilization in the renal cortex. In contrast, the GM+HW group showed no significant R2* changes, suggesting that hydrogen-rich water consumption mitigated cortical oxygenation deterioration associated with GIN. Medullary R2* values remained stable across all groups.

### Mechanism

Hydrogen-rich water consumption appeared to prevent the decline in renal cortical oxygen utilization caused by gentamicin, likely through attenuation of oxidative stress-mediated damage to cortical tissue.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Matsushita T, Kusakabe Y, Kitamura A, Okada S, Murase K
- **Journal**: Magn Reson Med Sci
- **Year**: 2011
- **PMID**: [21959999](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21959999/)
- **DOI**: [10.2463/mrms.10.169](https://doi.org/10.2463/mrms.10.169)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 21959999. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/21959999
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [21959999](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21959999/)