# Hydrogen-rich water attenuates experimental periodontitis in a rat model.
> 水素水摂取がラット実験的歯周炎モデルに及ぼす影響


## Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in periodontitis progression. Using a rat model in which ligature placement around maxillary molars induced periodontitis over 4 weeks, this study evaluated the effects of hydrogen-rich water consumed as drinking water. Animals receiving plain water exhibited a time-dependent rise in serum ROS, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, and alveolar bone loss. In contrast, hydrogen-rich water intake suppressed serum ROS elevation and reduced 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and nitrotyrosine expression in periodontal tissue. Osteoclast differentiation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory signaling were also attenuated in the hydrogen-rich water group. These findings suggest that hydrogen-rich water consumption may reduce gingival oxidative stress and slow periodontitis progression.

### Mechanism

Hydrogen-rich water scavenges ROS, reducing oxidative stress markers (8-OHdG, nitrotyrosine) in periodontal tissue, and suppressing MAPK-mediated inflammatory signaling as well as osteoclast differentiation, thereby limiting alveolar bone loss.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Kasuyama K, Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Tamaki N, Azuma T, Irie K, et al.
- **Journal**: J Clin Periodontol
- **Year**: 2011
- **PMID**: [22092571](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22092571/)
- **DOI**: [10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01801.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01801.x)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

---

> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 22092571. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/22092571
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [22092571](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22092571/)