# Hydrogen-rich water inhibits glucose and α,β -dicarbonyl compound-induced reactive oxygen species production in the SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rat kidney.
> 水素水がSHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcrラット腎臓におけるグルコースおよびα,β-ジカルボニル化合物誘発性活性酸素産生に及ぼす抑制効果


## Abstract

In type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, α,β-dicarbonyl compounds and advanced glycation end products drive renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, contributing to kidney dysfunction. This study examined whether hydrogen-rich water (HRW) could reduce such ROS generation both in isolated kidney homogenates from Wistar rats and in a living metabolic syndrome model. In vitro incubation with HRW attenuated glucose- and α,β-dicarbonyl-induced ROS levels. In the SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rat model, 16 weeks of HRW administration reduced renal ROS production by 34%. Renal concentrations of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone fell by 81%, 77%, and 60%, respectively. Significant positive correlations were identified between renal ROS levels and both glyoxal (r = 0.659, p = 0.008) and methylglyoxal (r = 0.782, p = 0.001) concentrations, suggesting that HRW limits dicarbonyl compound accumulation and consequent oxidative burden in the kidney.

### Mechanism

HRW reduces the accumulation of α,β-dicarbonyl compounds—glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone—in renal tissue, thereby limiting the ROS generation that these compounds induce, as confirmed by significant correlations between dicarbonyl and ROS levels.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Katakura M, Hashimoto M, Tanabe Y, Shido O
- **Journal**: Med Gas Res
- **Year**: 2012 (2012-07-09)
- **PMID**: [22776773](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22776773/)
- **DOI**: [10.1186/2045-9912-2-18](https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-9912-2-18)
- **PMC**: [PMC3444324](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3444324/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 22776773. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/22776773
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [22776773](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22776773/)