# Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia via reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.
> 水素富化生理食塩水による永続性局所脳虚血ラットモデルでの神経保護効果：酸化ストレスおよび炎症性サイトカインの抑制を介したメカニズム


## Abstract

Using a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), this study examined the neuroprotective potential of intraperitoneally administered hydrogen-rich saline (HS) given at 5 minutes, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours post-occlusion. HS dose-dependently reduced infarct volume and improved neurobehavioral scores at 24, 48, and 72 hours after pMCAO. In the ipsilateral brain tissue, HS elevated activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT, while reducing oxidative markers 8-iso-PGF2α and MDA, as well as inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and HMGB1. These findings indicate that HS confers dose-dependent neuroprotection against permanent focal cerebral ischemia, with the mechanism at least partly attributable to attenuation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.

### Mechanism

Hydrogen-rich saline enhances endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) and reduces oxidative products (MDA, 8-iso-PGF2α) along with inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, HMGB1), thereby providing neuroprotection in ischemic brain tissue.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Li J, Dong Y, Chen H, Han H, Yu Y, Wang G, et al.
- **Journal**: Brain Res
- **Year**: 2012 (2012-11-27)
- **PMID**: [23010312](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23010312/)
- **DOI**: [10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.031](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.031)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: injection / infusion
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Intravenous hydrogen-saline infusion is a clinic-only route and is not viable for everyday self-administration. For routine hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most practical route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration 66% / 100% devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Intravenous hydrogen-saline infusion is a clinic-only route and is not viable for everyday self-administration. For routine hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most practical route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration 66% / 100% devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 23010312. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/23010312
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [23010312](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23010312/)