# Molecular hydrogen protects human lymphocyte AHH-1 cells against 12C6+ heavy ion radiation.
> 分子状水素による重粒子線（¹²C⁶⁺）照射からのヒトリンパ球AHH-1細胞の保護効果


## Abstract

This in vitro study examined whether molecular hydrogen (H2) could protect human lymphocyte AHH-1 cells from damage caused by 12C6+ heavy ion radiation, a hazard relevant to both space travel and heavy ion cancer irradiation. H2-saturated RPMI 1640 medium was prepared under 0.4 MPa pressure. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified using HPF probe and H2DCFH-DA fluorescent dye. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide double staining and Hoechst 33342 staining, cell cycle distribution by PI staining, and apoptosis-related protein expression by Western blot. H2 reduced ROS levels both in irradiated cells and in water radiolysis. It also diminished radiation-induced apoptosis, relieved G2/M cell cycle arrest, and suppressed Caspase 3 activation. These findings suggest H2 exerts radioprotective effects by lowering oxidative stress and modulating apoptotic signaling pathways.

### Mechanism

H2 scavenges intracellular ROS generated by heavy ion radiation, thereby suppressing Caspase 3 activation, reducing G2/M cell cycle arrest, and attenuating apoptosis in irradiated lymphocytes.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Yang Y, Gao F, Zhang H, Hunag Y, Zhang P, Liu C, et al.
- **Journal**: Int J Radiat Biol
- **Year**: 2013
- **PMID**: [23786587](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23786587/)
- **DOI**: [10.3109/09553002.2013.817704](https://doi.org/10.3109/09553002.2013.817704)
- **Study type**: in vitro study
- **Delivery route**: in vitro
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

This is basic research at the cellular or molecular level. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

This is basic research at the cellular or molecular level. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 23786587. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/23786587
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [23786587](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23786587/)