# Effect of a hydrogen (H2)-enriched solution on the albumin redox of hemodialysis patients.
> 水素富化透析液が血液透析患者のアルブミン酸化還元状態に与える影響


## Abstract

Hemodialysis (HD) patients experience heightened oxidative stress, partly driven by blood-membrane contact during dialysis sessions, which contributes to elevated cardiovascular risk. In this crossover trial involving 8 regular HD patients, two sessions were conducted using either a standard dialysate or a hydrogen-enriched dialysate (mean H2 concentration: 50 ppb). Blood collected at the dialyzer inlet and outlet was analyzed for total and reduced glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, and albumin redox state. Both dialysate conditions produced significant reductions in glutathione and increases in hydrogen peroxide. Notably, only the hydrogen-enriched session showed a significant decrease in the proportion of reversibly oxidized albumin between inlet and outlet samples, indicating that intra-dialyzer oxidative stress was attenuated by H2. These findings suggest that incorporating H2 into dialysate solutions may reduce oxidative burden during HD.

### Mechanism

H2 dissolved in the dialysate is thought to directly scavenge reactive oxygen species generated at the blood-membrane interface within the dialyzer, thereby reducing reversible albumin oxidation and overall oxidative stress during the HD session.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Terawaki H, Zhu WJ, Matsuyama Y, Terada T, Takahashi Y, Sakurai K, et al.
- **Journal**: Hemodial Int
- **Year**: 2014
- **PMID**: [24274030](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24274030/)
- **DOI**: [10.1111/hdi.12112](https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.12112)
- **Study type**: human randomized controlled trial
- **Delivery route**: injection / infusion
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Intravenous hydrogen-saline infusion is a clinic-only route and is not viable for everyday self-administration. For routine hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most practical route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration 66% / 100% devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Intravenous hydrogen-saline infusion is a clinic-only route and is not viable for everyday self-administration. For routine hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most practical route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration 66% / 100% devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 24274030. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/24274030
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [24274030](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24274030/)