# Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Hydrogen-rich Water Intake on Serum Oxidative and Anti-oxidative Metabolites in Serum of Thoroughbred Horses.
> サラブレッド競走馬におけるトレッドミル運動と水素水摂取が血清酸化・抗酸化代謝物に与える影響


## Abstract

Five Thoroughbred horses aged 3–7 years underwent exhaustive treadmill exercise at a mean speed of 13.2 ± 0.84 m/s. Hydrogen-rich water (HW) or placebo water was administered via nasogastric tube 30 minutes before exercise. Serum d-ROMs (oxidative stress marker) and BAP (antioxidative capacity marker) were measured at four time points: before water intake, immediately before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 30 minutes post-exercise. Both d-ROMs and BAP rose significantly after exercise in all horses, with BAP reaching approximately 150% of pre-exercise values in both groups. The rise in d-ROMs tended to be smaller in the HW group than in the placebo group at the pre-exercise time point. The BAP/d-ROMs ratio was significantly elevated post-exercise in both groups, but an additional significant elevation at the pre-exercise time point was observed only in the HW group. These findings indicate that intense exercise simultaneously elevates oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity in horses, and that HW administration may confer some antioxidative benefit.

### Mechanism

Pre-exercise HW administration appeared to suppress the rise in serum d-ROMs and improve the BAP/d-ROMs ratio, suggesting that molecular hydrogen may directly scavenge reactive oxygen species and thereby shift the redox balance toward a more antioxidative state.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Tsubone H, Hanafusa M, Endo M, Manabe N, Hiraga A, Ohmura H, et al.
- **Journal**: J Equine Sci
- **Year**: 2013
- **PMID**: [24833996](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24833996/)
- **DOI**: [10.1294/jes.24.1](https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.24.1)
- **PMC**: [PMC4013981](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4013981/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 24833996. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/24833996
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [24833996](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24833996/)