# Hydrogen-rich water ameliorates bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in newborn rats.
> 水素水投与が新生仔ラットの気管支肺異形成症（BPD）に及ぼす改善効果


## Abstract

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) involves arrested alveolar development and is closely linked to oxidative stress. A rat BPD model was established by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into amniotic fluid at embryonic day 16.5, while mothers consumed hydrogen-rich water from day 9.5 through the nursing period. Hydrogen-rich water normalized LPS-induced alveolar enlargement at postnatal days 7 and 14, and reduced pulmonary nitrotyrosine and 8-OHdG staining. LPS-suppressed expression of FGFR4, VEGFR2, and HO-1 genes was restored by hydrogen, whereas SOD1 expression was unaffected by either treatment. Inflammatory proteins TNF-α and IL-6, elevated by LPS, were reduced with hydrogen. In A549 human lung epithelial cells, 24-hour exposure to 10% hydrogen gas lowered reactive oxygen species production in both LPS-treated and control conditions. The absence of known adverse effects positions hydrogen as a candidate intervention for BPD.

### Mechanism

Hydrogen reduces pulmonary reactive oxygen species, nitrotyrosine, and 8-OHdG, restores expression of FGFR4, VEGFR2, and HO-1, and suppresses TNF-α and IL-6 inflammatory signaling, collectively supporting normal alveolar development.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Muramatsu Y, Ito M, Oshima T, Kojima S, Ohno K
- **Journal**: Pediatr Pulmonol
- **Year**: 2016
- **PMID**: [26845501](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26845501/)
- **DOI**: [10.1002/ppul.23386](https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.23386)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: mixed routes
- **Effect reported**: positive
- **H2 concentration**: 10%

## Delivery context

This study combines multiple delivery routes. As a general principle, the most efficient route for routine hydrogen intake is inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

This study combines multiple delivery routes. As a general principle, the most efficient route for routine hydrogen intake is inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 26845501. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/26845501
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [26845501](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26845501/)