# Neuroprotective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline in Global Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Rats: Up-Regulated Tregs and Down-Regulated miR-21, miR-210 and NF-κB Expression.
> 水素富化生理食塩水による全脳虚血再灌流ラットの神経保護：制御性T細胞の増加とmiR-21・miR-210・NF-κB発現の抑制


## Abstract

This study examined the effects of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Animals receiving HRS exhibited less severe brain damage compared with untreated I/R controls. Hippocampal miR-210 expression rose significantly at 6, 24, and 96 hours post-reperfusion in the I/R group, whereas HRS administration markedly reduced this elevation. Regulatory T cell (Treg) counts declined at all measured time points in I/R animals, but recovered at 24 and 96 hours in HRS-treated rats. Strong correlations were identified among Tregs, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and NF-κB at 24 hours. These findings suggest that the neuroprotective mechanism of HRS may involve restoration of Treg populations, modulation of hypoxia-responsive microRNAs, and attenuation of NF-κB-driven neuroinflammation following global cerebral I/R.

### Mechanism

HRS is proposed to selectively scavenge hydroxyl radicals, suppress NF-κB-mediated inflammatory cytokine signaling, restore Treg populations, and downregulate hypoxia-inducible microRNAs (miR-210, miR-21), collectively reducing cerebral I/R-induced neuronal damage.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Li Q, Yu P, Zeng Q, Luo B, Cai S, Hui K, et al.
- **Journal**: Neurochem Res
- **Year**: 2016
- **PMID**: [27386874](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27386874/)
- **DOI**: [10.1007/s11064-016-1978-x](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-016-1978-x)
- **PMC**: [PMC5065604](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5065604/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: injection / infusion
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Intravenous hydrogen-saline infusion is a clinic-only route and is not viable for everyday self-administration. For routine hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most practical route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration 66% / 100% devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Intravenous hydrogen-saline infusion is a clinic-only route and is not viable for everyday self-administration. For routine hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most practical route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration 66% / 100% devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 27386874. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/27386874
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [27386874](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27386874/)