# Protective effects of hydrogen rich water on the intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury due to intestinal intussusception in a rat model.
> ラット腸重積モデルにおける腸管虚血再灌流傷害に対する水素水の保護効果


## Abstract

Using a rat intestinal intussusception (II) model, this study examined whether hydrogen-rich water (HRW) could reduce intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage. Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into sham, I/R plus saline, and I/R plus HRW groups. After an 8-hour intussusception period, intestinal relocation was performed and HRW (5 mL/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. Histological analysis revealed marked mucosal damage in the saline group that was substantially reduced by HRW. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α and malondialdehyde levels, along with intestinal 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine-positive cells, were significantly elevated following I/R but were lowered in the HRW group. Superoxide dismutase activity, which declined after I/R, was restored by HRW, and the number of apoptotic intestinal cells was correspondingly reduced. These findings indicate that HRW can limit I/R-associated intestinal damage by suppressing inflammatory mediators, reducing oxidative stress markers, and decreasing apoptosis.

### Mechanism

HRW reduces intestinal I/R injury by suppressing TNF-α-mediated inflammation, lowering lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and oxidative DNA damage (8-oxo-deoxyguanosine), preserving superoxide dismutase activity, and decreasing apoptosis in intestinal cells.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Wu MJ, Chen M, Sang S, Hou L, Tian ML, Li K, et al.
- **Journal**: Med Gas Res
- **Year**: 2017
- **PMID**: [28744362](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28744362/)
- **DOI**: [10.4103/2045-9912.208515](https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.208515)
- **PMC**: [PMC5510290](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5510290/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: injection / infusion
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Intravenous hydrogen-saline infusion is a clinic-only route and is not viable for everyday self-administration. For routine hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most practical route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration 66% / 100% devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Intravenous hydrogen-saline infusion is a clinic-only route and is not viable for everyday self-administration. For routine hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most practical route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration 66% / 100% devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 28744362. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/28744362
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [28744362](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28744362/)