# [Effects of hydrogen-rich water on the expression of aquaporin 1 in the cerebral cortex of rat with traumatic brain injury].
> 外傷性脳損傷ラットの大脳皮質におけるアクアポリン1発現に対する水素富化水の影響


## Abstract

Using a weight-drop traumatic brain injury (TBI) model in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=90, three groups of 30), this study examined how intraperitoneal administration of hydrogen-rich water (5 mL/kg daily for 5 days) influenced aquaporin-1 (AQP1) expression and cerebral edema. In TBI animals, AQP1 mRNA and protein levels in the cerebral cortex peaked at 24 hours post-injury (mRNA 2-ΔΔCt: 7.50±0.26; protein gray value: 1.986±0.110) and were accompanied by elevated neurological severity scores (NSS). Hydrogen-rich water administration significantly reduced AQP1 mRNA (5.40±0.21 vs. 7.50±0.26) and protein (1.246±0.137 vs. 1.986±0.110) at 24 hours, attenuated histopathological changes including irregular neuronal arrangement and hemorrhage, and lowered NSS compared with untreated TBI controls. These findings suggest that AQP1 upregulation contributes to post-TBI cerebral edema formation, and that early hydrogen-rich water administration can suppress this response.

### Mechanism

TBI induces upregulation of AQP1 mRNA and protein in the cerebral cortex, promoting edema formation. Hydrogen-rich water suppresses this AQP1 overexpression, thereby reducing fluid accumulation and associated neurological deficits.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Chen X, Wang D, Liu Y, Yuan J, Zhang H
- **Journal**: Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue
- **Year**: 2016
- **PMID**: [29923387](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29923387/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: injection / infusion
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Intravenous hydrogen-saline infusion is a clinic-only route and is not viable for everyday self-administration. For routine hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most practical route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration 66% / 100% devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Intravenous hydrogen-saline infusion is a clinic-only route and is not viable for everyday self-administration. For routine hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most practical route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration 66% / 100% devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 29923387. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/29923387
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [29923387](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29923387/)