# [Hydrogen rich water attenuates pregnancy gingivitis induced by ligation in SD rats].
> 水素水がSDラット妊娠性歯肉炎モデルに及ぼす抗炎症効果の検討


## Abstract

A ligature-based experimental gingivitis model was established in pregnant SD rats to evaluate the influence of hydrogen-rich water (HW) on gingival inflammation. Animals were allocated to control, model, and HW groups; the HW group received hydrogen-rich water twice daily until gestational day 16. Gingival tissue was analyzed for SOD activity, TNF-α, NF-κB, and progesterone receptor (PR) expression using ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. In the model group, SOD levels were reduced while NF-κB and TNF-α were elevated compared with controls. HW administration significantly reversed these changes, lowering NF-κB and TNF-α expression. Progesterone and PR showed no significant differences across groups, suggesting an indirect rather than direct hormonal role in this model. The findings indicate that hydrogen-rich water may reduce gingival oxidative stress and the associated inflammatory cascade in pregnancy-related gingivitis.

### Mechanism

Hydrogen-rich water is proposed to reduce oxidative stress in gingival tissue, thereby suppressing NF-κB activation and downstream TNF-α production, which collectively attenuates the inflammatory response in pregnancy gingivitis.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Shi Y, Jin S, Zheng HH, Qin H, Qin S
- **Journal**: Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue
- **Year**: 2018
- **PMID**: [30411118](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30411118/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 30411118. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/30411118
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [30411118](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30411118/)