# Oral Administration of Si-Based Agent Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model: A Novel Hydrogen Administration Method.
> ナノシリコン経口投与による酸化ストレス軽減と腎虚血再灌流障害への効果：ラットモデルを用いた新規水素投与法の検討


## Abstract

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during kidney transplantation generates reactive oxygen species that damage organ tissue. This study developed a method of producing large quantities of molecular hydrogen by reducing silicon to nano-sized particles (nano-Si) that react with water, then orally administering them to rats subjected to renal IRI. Compared with untreated IRI controls, nano-Si-treated animals showed significant reductions in serum creatinine, urinary protein, and the oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine at 72 hours post-IRI. Transcriptome and gene ontology analyses revealed downregulation of biological processes including immune response, cytokine production, and extrinsic apoptotic signaling. Immunohistochemistry confirmed decreased interstitial macrophage infiltration and tubular apoptosis, indicating anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity. Larger Si particles produced no comparable benefit, suggesting particle size is critical for hydrogen generation efficiency.

### Mechanism

Nano-sized silicon particles react with water to generate molecular hydrogen, which scavenges reactive oxygen species, thereby suppressing oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine production, and apoptotic signaling pathways in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Kawamura M, Imamura R, Kobayashi Y, Taniguchi A, Nakazawa S, Kato T, et al.
- **Journal**: Front Med (Lausanne)
- **Year**: 2020
- **PMID**: [32266279](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32266279/)
- **DOI**: [10.3389/fmed.2020.00095](https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00095)
- **PMC**: [PMC7099649](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7099649/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 32266279. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/32266279
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [32266279](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32266279/)