# Effects of hydrogen-rich water prepared by alternating-current-electrolysis on antioxidant activity, DNA oxidative injuries, and diabetes-related markers.
> 交流電解法で製造した水素豊富水の抗酸化活性・DNA酸化傷害・糖尿病関連マーカーへの影響


## Abstract

Hydrogen-rich water produced via alternating-current (AC) electrolysis achieved a dissolved hydrogen concentration of 1.55 mg/L, an oxidation-reduction potential of −270 mV, and a pH of 7.7–7.8, values closer to physiological body-fluid parameters than those of conventional direct-current preparations. Nanoparticle tracking analysis demonstrated that nanobubble suspensions reaching 5.4 × 10/mL were largely preserved (up to 3.5 × 10/mL) even after 10 minutes of boiling, a thermodynamically unexpected result. Electron spin resonance with DMPO spin trapping confirmed hydroxyl-radical-scavenging capacity. In a clinical observation involving nine individuals whose diabetes-related serum markers exceeded normal ranges, daily oral intake of 1500 mL for 8 weeks was associated with significant reductions in fasting blood glucose and fructosamine, an increase in 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, and marked decreases in urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels and its generation rate. These findings suggest that heat-resistant nanobubbles formed during AC electrolysis may contribute to sustained hydrogen bioavailability and the observed metabolic and antioxidant effects.

### Mechanism

Heat-resistant nanobubbles formed by AC electrolysis maintain elevated dissolved hydrogen concentrations even after boiling; this hydrogen scavenges hydroxyl radicals, reducing systemic DNA oxidative damage (urinary 8-OHdG) and improving glucose metabolism markers including fasting blood glucose and fructosamine.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Asada R, Tazawa K, Sato S, Miwa N
- **Journal**: Med Gas Res
- **Year**: 2020
- **PMID**: [33004708](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33004708/)
- **DOI**: [10.4103/2045-9912.296041](https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.296041)
- **PMC**: [PMC8086617](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8086617/)
- **Study type**: human observational study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 33004708. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/33004708
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [33004708](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33004708/)