# Protective effects of hydrogen rich saline solution on ventral penile mathieu type flap with penile tourniquet application in rats.
> ラットにおける陰茎ターニケット適用下マチュー型フラップに対する水素富化生理食塩水の保護効果


## Abstract

This study examined the impact of hydrogen-rich saline solution (HRSS) on penile flap tissue subjected to tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat hypospadias model. Thirty-six male Wistar-albino rats were allocated to six groups varying in tourniquet duration (10 or 30 minutes) and HRSS administration timing (immediately before tourniquet release or one hour prior to application). Intraperitoneal HRSS significantly reduced penile tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) relative to tourniquet-only groups, while glutathione (GSH) concentrations were elevated. Histopathological assessment at 4 hours post-release confirmed reduced inflammatory changes in HRSS-treated animals. The timing of HRSS administration did not produce statistically significant differences among HRSS groups, suggesting flexibility in dosing schedule. These findings indicate that HRSS confers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection to penile flap tissue under tourniquet conditions.

### Mechanism

Molecular hydrogen penetrates biomembranes and mitochondria, converting hydroxyl radicals to water, thereby suppressing lipid peroxidation (MDA), reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and MPO activity, and preserving glutathione levels in ischemia-reperfusion-injured tissue.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Gulburun MA, Karabulut R, Turkyilmaz Z, Eryilmaz S, Kaya C, Arslan B, et al.
- **Journal**: J Pediatr Urol
- **Year**: 2021
- **PMID**: [33608226](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33608226/)
- **DOI**: [10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.01.046](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.01.046)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: injection / infusion
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Intravenous hydrogen-saline infusion is a clinic-only route and is not viable for everyday self-administration. For routine hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most practical route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration 66% / 100% devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Intravenous hydrogen-saline infusion is a clinic-only route and is not viable for everyday self-administration. For routine hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most practical route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration 66% / 100% devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 33608226. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/33608226
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [33608226](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33608226/)