# Effects of hydrogen as adjuvant treatment for unstable angina.
> 不安定狭心症に対する水素補助投与の効果：in vitro および臨床試験による検討


## Abstract

Oxidative stress and inflammation are central to the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Using an ox-LDL-induced injury model in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, this study demonstrated that hydrogen suppresses oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through downregulation of the LOX-1/NF-κB signaling pathway. A subsequent clinical component enrolled 40 hospitalized patients with unstable angina, who received either 1000–1200 mL/day of hydrogen-rich water or an equivalent volume of placebo water alongside standard pharmacotherapy for three months. Patients in the hydrogen-rich water group showed alleviation of angina symptoms. Serum lipid analysis revealed greater reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B concentrations compared with conventional pharmacotherapy alone. These findings indicate that hydrogen-rich water supplementation may confer additional cardiovascular benefit in unstable angina.

### Mechanism

Hydrogen downregulates the LOX-1/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby suppressing ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in endothelial cells.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Si Y, Tian H, Dong B, Zhang YJ, Wen Y, Jia X, et al.
- **Journal**: Exp Biol Med (Maywood)
- **Year**: 2021
- **PMID**: [33899541](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33899541/)
- **DOI**: [10.1177/15353702211009138](https://doi.org/10.1177/15353702211009138)
- **PMC**: [PMC8474983](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8474983/)
- **Study type**: human randomized controlled trial
- **Delivery route**: mixed routes
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

This study combines multiple delivery routes. As a general principle, the most efficient route for routine hydrogen intake is inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

This study combines multiple delivery routes. As a general principle, the most efficient route for routine hydrogen intake is inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 33899541. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/33899541
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [33899541](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33899541/)