# Hydrogen-rich water alleviates programmed cell death induced by GA in wheat aleurone layers by modulation of reactive oxygen species metabolism.
> 水素水がジベレリン誘導性小麦糊粉層プログラム細胞死に及ぼす影響：活性酸素代謝を介した抑制機序


## Abstract

This study investigated the role of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) in modulating programmed cell death (PCD) in wheat aleurone layers exposed to gibberellic acid (GA). Endogenous H2 production declined under GA treatment but increased under abscisic acid (ABA) conditions. HRW application elevated H2 levels and substantially delayed GA-induced PCD. Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radicals, and hydroxyl radicals triggered by GA was markedly reduced by HRW. Quantitative RT-PCR and enzymatic assays revealed that HRW upregulated both transcript levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT). These antioxidant enzyme changes corresponded with reduced ROS accumulation, indicating that HRW-mediated PCD suppression involves coordinated decreases in multiple reactive oxygen species.

### Mechanism

HRW upregulates antioxidant enzymes SOD, APX, and CAT, reducing GA-induced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radicals, and hydroxyl radicals, thereby suppressing programmed cell death in wheat aleurone layers.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Wu MJ, Xie X, Wang Z, Zhang JH, Luo Z, Shen W, et al.
- **Journal**: Plant Physiol Biochem
- **Year**: 2021
- **PMID**: [33901885](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33901885/)
- **DOI**: [10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.005](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.005)
- **Study type**: in vitro study
- **Delivery route**: in vitro
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

This is basic research at the cellular or molecular level. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

This is basic research at the cellular or molecular level. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 33901885. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/33901885
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [33901885](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33901885/)