# Hydrogen-rich water ameliorates neuropathological impairments in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease through reducing neuroinflammation and modulating intestinal microbiota.
> 水素水投与がアルツハイマー病マウスモデルにおける神経炎症抑制と腸内細菌叢調節を介して神経病理学的障害を改善する


## Abstract

In a 7-month study using triple-transgenic (3×Tg) Alzheimer's disease mice, oral administration of hydrogen-rich water was associated with multiple neuroprotective outcomes. Synaptic preservation and reduced neuronal death were observed, along with decreased senile plaque formation and lower levels of hyperphosphorylated tau and neurofibrillary tangles. Brain energy metabolism disturbances were also attenuated. Additionally, hydrogen-rich water corrected intestinal flora imbalances and dampened inflammatory responses. These findings indicate that hydrogen-rich water functions as a non-invasive hydrogen donor capable of addressing key pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, offering advantages over previously employed stereotactic injection approaches.

### Mechanism

Hydrogen-rich water is proposed to suppress neuroinflammation and restore gut microbiota balance, thereby reducing tau hyperphosphorylation, senile plaque accumulation, synaptic loss, and brain energy metabolism dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease pathology.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Lin Y, Shi QQ, Zhang LL, Yue C, He Z, Li XM, et al.
- **Journal**: Neural Regen Res
- **Year**: 2022
- **PMID**: [34269217](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34269217/)
- **DOI**: [10.4103/1673-5374.317992](https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.317992)
- **PMC**: [PMC8464006](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8464006/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 34269217. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/34269217
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [34269217](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34269217/)