# Design, synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant activity studies of novel thienyl-pyrazoles.
> チエニル-ピラゾール誘導体の設計・合成・特性評価および抗酸化活性


## Abstract

In a search for potent antioxidant compounds relevant to renal and neurological conditions, a series of 2-pyrazoline derivatives was prepared via amberlyst-15-catalyzed (3+2) cycloaddition of chalcones with phenylhydrazines under eco-friendly conditions. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed intramolecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bonding along with C-H⋯π and π-π stabilization. Selected compounds demonstrated DPPH radical scavenging (IC₅₀: 0.245±0.01 and 0.284±0.02 μM) and hydroxyl radical scavenging (IC₅₀: 0.905±0.01 and 0.892±0.01 μM) activities exceeding those of ascorbic acid and BHA reference standards. Molecular docking studies indicated that π-π stacking interactions with catalase residues Try337 and Phe140 underlie the observed antioxidant potency, and ADME/Tox profiling supported favorable drug-likeness for further investigation.

### Mechanism

Molecular docking analysis suggests that the synthesized pyrazoline compounds exert antioxidant effects by forming π-π stacking interactions with catalase residues Try337 and Phe140, thereby facilitating scavenging of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Kumara K, Prabhudeva MG, Vagish CB, Vivek HK, Lokanatha Rai KM, Lokanath NK, et al.
- **Journal**: Heliyon
- **Year**: 2021
- **PMID**: [34355092](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34355092/)
- **DOI**: [10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07592](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07592)
- **PMC**: [PMC8322289](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8322289/)
- **Study type**: in vitro study
- **Delivery route**: in vitro
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

This is basic research at the cellular or molecular level. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

This is basic research at the cellular or molecular level. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 34355092. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/34355092
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [34355092](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34355092/)