# Prenatal Molecular Hydrogen Administration Ameliorates Several Findings in Nitrofen-Induced Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.
> 硝酸フェン誘発先天性横隔膜ヘルニアモデルにおける出生前水素投与の病理学的改善効果


## Abstract

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) involves oxidative stress as a key contributor to pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Sprague-Dawley rat dams were given hydrogen-rich water orally from embryonic day 10 through delivery. Offspring were assigned to control, CDH, or CDH plus hydrogen-rich water groups. Blood gas parameters including pH, pO2, and pCO2 were more favorable in the hydrogen-treated CDH group than in untreated CDH animals. Histological analysis revealed improvements in alveolar development and pulmonary artery wall remodeling. Oxidative stress markers, specifically 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine-positive cell scores in pulmonary arteries, were significantly reduced, and surfactant protein A mRNA levels were altered in the hydrogen-treated group. These findings indicate that prenatal hydrogen-rich water intake can improve respiratory outcomes and attenuate lung structural abnormalities in CDH rat models.

### Mechanism

Hydrogen-rich water exerts antioxidant effects that reduce oxidative stress markers (8-OHdG) in pulmonary arteries, thereby attenuating vascular remodeling and improving alveolarization, which collectively enhance respiratory function in CDH.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Miura M, Imai K, Tsuda H, Miki R, Tano S, Ito Y, et al.
- **Journal**: Int J Mol Sci
- **Year**: 2021 (2021-08-31)
- **PMID**: [34502408](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502408/)
- **DOI**: [10.3390/ijms22179500](https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179500)
- **PMC**: [PMC8431162](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8431162/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 34502408. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/34502408
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [34502408](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502408/)