# Hydrogen-rich water promotes the formation of bulblets in Lilium davidii var. unicolor through regulating sucrose and starch metabolism.
> 水素水がユリ（Lilium davidii var. unicolor）の鱗片挿しにおける子球および不定根形成に及ぼす影響：スクロース・デンプン代謝を介したメカニズム解析


## Abstract

This study examined how hydrogen-rich water (HRW) influences bulblet and adventitious root formation in scale cuttings of Lilium davidii var. unicolor. Among tested concentrations, 100% HRW produced the greatest increase in bulblet and adventitious root numbers compared with distilled water controls. RNA sequencing identified 1,702 differentially expressed genes (552 upregulated, 1,150 downregulated), with KEGG pathway analysis highlighting sucrose and starch metabolism as the most prominently enriched pathway. Carbohydrate metabolism genes showed notable differential expression (22 upregulated, 15 downregulated). qPCR validation confirmed expression changes in 12 key enzyme-coding genes, including glgc, Susy, otsA, glgP, BMY, and TPS. At the metabolite level, 100% HRW elevated sucrose and starch concentrations while reducing trehalose content in mother scales, consistent with the observed gene expression patterns. These findings indicate that HRW-driven accumulation of sucrose and starch may supply the energy substrate required for bulblet organogenesis.

### Mechanism

HRW upregulates key carbohydrate metabolism genes (glgc, Susy, otsA, glgP, BMY, TPS), elevating sucrose and starch levels while reducing trehalose, thereby providing the energetic substrate that drives bulblet organogenesis in lily scale cuttings.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Hou X, Qi N, Wang CY, Li CY, Huang D, Li Y, et al.
- **Journal**: Planta
- **Year**: 2021 (2021-10-24)
- **PMID**: [34689230](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34689230/)
- **DOI**: [10.1007/s00425-021-03762-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-021-03762-6)
- **PMC**: [PMC8542194](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8542194/)
- **Study type**: other
- **Delivery route**: in vitro
- **Effect reported**: positive
- **H2 concentration**: 100%

## Delivery context

This is basic research at the cellular or molecular level. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

This is basic research at the cellular or molecular level. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 34689230. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/34689230
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [34689230](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34689230/)