# The Therapeutic Effects of Oral Intake of Hydrogen Rich Water on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Dogs.
> 犬における水素水経口摂取が皮膚創傷治癒に及ぼす影響


## Abstract

This canine study investigated how oral intake of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) influences skin wound repair. Eight circular wounds per dog were monitored, comparing an HRW group (administered three times daily) against a distilled water control group. HRW-treated animals exhibited accelerated wound closure and shorter average healing times. Histopathological analysis revealed significantly reduced epidermal thickness and a greater number of newly formed blood vessels in the HRW group. Biochemical assays showed lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in HRW-treated wounds. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated significant upregulation of Nrf-2, HO-1, NQO-1, VEGF, and PDGF in the HRW group relative to controls. These findings indicate that HRW consumption promotes epithelialization, suppresses inflammatory cell infiltration, and stimulates expression of cytokines associated with tissue repair in dogs.

### Mechanism

HRW activates the Nrf-2/HO-1/NQO-1 antioxidant pathway, reducing lipid peroxidation (lower MDA) and enhancing SOD activity, while upregulating VEGF and PDGF to promote angiogenesis and accelerate tissue repair.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Qi DD, Ding MY, Wang T, Hayat MA, Liu TT, Zhang JH
- **Journal**: Vet Sci
- **Year**: 2021 (2021-11-04)
- **PMID**: [34822637](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34822637/)
- **DOI**: [10.3390/vetsci8110264](https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8110264)
- **PMC**: [PMC8618955](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618955/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 34822637. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/34822637
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [34822637](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34822637/)