# Symbiotic Algae-Bacteria Dressing for Producing Hydrogen to Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing.
> 糖尿病性創傷治癒を促進する水素産生藻類-細菌共生ドレッシング材の開発


## Abstract

Oxidative stress arising from hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation impairs diabetic wound repair, often progressing to foot ulcers. Conventional hydrogen delivery formats—gas, hydrogen-rich water, and saline—suffer from rapid dissipation due to low gas solubility. To address this limitation, a living microbe-based hydrogel was constructed by encapsulating algae and bacteria within a cell-impermeable matrix, enabling continuous hydrogen generation for up to 60 hours. The system demonstrated selective scavenging of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻), along with suppression of inflammatory responses. In diabetic wound models, the dressing promoted cell proliferation and improved wound closure by approximately 50% by day 3 compared to controls. The algae-bacteria symbiotic hydrogel exhibited favorable biocompatibility and sustained reactive oxygen species neutralization capacity, supporting its potential for clinical wound management.

### Mechanism

The symbiotic algae-bacteria hydrogel continuously generates hydrogen for 60 hours, selectively neutralizing hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammation to promote diabetic wound healing.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Chen H, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Mao W, Shen C, Xiong W, et al.
- **Journal**: Nano Lett
- **Year**: 2022 (2022-01-12)
- **PMID**: [34928162](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34928162/)
- **DOI**: [10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03693](https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03693)
- **Study type**: in vitro study
- **Delivery route**: topical application
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Topical applications have localized-effect reports, but systemic hydrogen intake is most efficient via inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Topical applications have localized-effect reports, but systemic hydrogen intake is most efficient via inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)

---

> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 34928162. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/34928162
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [34928162](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34928162/)