# Formulation and Characterization of an Effervescent Hydrogen-Generating Tablet.
> 発泡性水素発生錠剤の製剤設計と特性評価


## Abstract

Molecular hydrogen has attracted attention as a medical gas with potential applications in conditions involving inflammation and oxidative stress. Magnesium-containing effervescent tablets represent a viable oral delivery platform, since hydrogen is produced when magnesium reduces hydrogen ions in water. This study examined how various saccharide-based excipients influence the morphological characteristics, mechanical strength, and disintegration behavior of hydrogen-generating effervescent tablets manufactured by dry granulation. Among the saccharides evaluated, mannitol demonstrated superior performance, enabling rapid hydrogen generation while maintaining acceptable tablet hardness. Subsequent optimization of lubricant selection led to the adoption of adipic acid, chosen on the basis of regulatory acceptability. These findings provide a formulation framework for developing effervescent hydrogen-generating tablets suitable for oral use.

### Mechanism

Hydrogen gas is produced via reduction of hydrogen ions by magnesium metal in aqueous solution. Mannitol as a saccharide excipient accelerates tablet disintegration, thereby enhancing the rate of hydrogen generation compared with other saccharides tested.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Rosch M, Lucas K, Al-Gousous J, Pöschl U, Langguth P
- **Journal**: Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
- **Year**: 2021 (2021-12-18)
- **PMID**: [34959728](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34959728/)
- **DOI**: [10.3390/ph14121327](https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14121327)
- **PMC**: [PMC8707073](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707073/)
- **Study type**: other
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: not assessed

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 34959728. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/34959728
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [34959728](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34959728/)