# Nano-bubble hydrogen water: An effective therapeutic agent against inflammation related disease caused by viral infection in zebrafish model.
> ナノバブル水素水によるウイルス感染関連炎症への効果：ゼブラフィッシュモデルを用いた検討


## Abstract

Nano-bubble hydrogen water (nano-HW) at approximately 0.7 ppm was prepared and evaluated using spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV)-infected zebrafish as an experimental model. Three-month-old zebrafish were divided into nano-HW and control (aquaculture water) groups. Cumulative mortality in SVCV-infected fish decreased by 40% in the nano-HW group, and qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated significant suppression of viral replication. Histopathological staining revealed marked reduction of SVCV-induced tissue damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was substantially diminished following nano-HW exposure. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α were notably lower in nano-HW-treated animals both in vivo and in vitro. These findings indicate that nano-HW can suppress virus-driven inflammatory responses in zebrafish, suggesting potential applicability in antiviral research.

### Mechanism

Nano-bubble hydrogen water suppresses ROS accumulation generated during viral infection and reduces proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α), thereby attenuating virus-associated tissue damage and inflammatory cascades in zebrafish.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Li CY, Cao Y, Kohei F, Hao H, Peng G, Cheng C, et al.
- **Journal**: Virol Sin
- **Year**: 2022
- **PMID**: [35249853](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35249853/)
- **DOI**: [10.1016/j.virs.2022.01.023](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2022.01.023)
- **PMC**: [PMC9170933](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9170933/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 35249853. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/35249853
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [35249853](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35249853/)