# Role of Molecular Hydrogen in Ageing and Ageing-Related Diseases.
> 分子状水素の老化および老化関連疾患における役割に関するレビュー


## Abstract

Aging represents a time-dependent decline in organismal function and constitutes a major risk factor for numerous chronic conditions. This review examines the biological mechanisms by which molecular hydrogen may influence aging-related processes. H2 exerts antioxidant effects through direct scavenging of hydroxyl radicals and reduction of peroxynitrite levels, while also activating Nrf2 and HO-1 pathways that govern antioxidant enzymes and proteasome activity. Evidence is presented for H2 involvement in genomic stability, cellular senescence suppression, histone modification, telomere maintenance, and proteostasis. Beyond antioxidant activity, H2 appears to modulate inflammatory signaling, the mTOR nutrient-sensing pathway, autophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function—all recognized contributors to the aging process. The review further surveys research on H2 in the context of age-associated conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, diabetes, and cancer, summarizing both basic science findings and emerging applications.

### Mechanism

H2 directly neutralizes hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite, activates Nrf2 and HO-1 to upregulate antioxidant enzymes, and modulates mTOR signaling, autophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function, collectively attenuating key drivers of cellular aging.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Fu Z, Zhang JH, Zhang YJ
- **Journal**: Oxid Med Cell Longev
- **Year**: 2022
- **PMID**: [35340218](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35340218/)
- **DOI**: [10.1155/2022/2249749](https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2249749)
- **PMC**: [PMC8956398](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8956398/)
- **Study type**: review
- **Delivery route**: mixed routes
- **Effect reported**: not assessed

## Delivery context

This study combines multiple delivery routes. As a general principle, the most efficient route for routine hydrogen intake is inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

This study combines multiple delivery routes. As a general principle, the most efficient route for routine hydrogen intake is inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 35340218. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/35340218
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [35340218](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35340218/)