# Effects of hydrogen water and psychological treatment in a sample of women with panic disorder: a randomized and controlled clinical trial.
> パニック障害女性における水素水と心理的介入の複合効果：無作為化対照臨床試験


## Abstract

This randomized placebo-controlled trial enrolled women diagnosed with panic disorder to compare a combination of psychological intervention plus 1.5 L/day of hydrogen-rich water for three months against psychological intervention plus placebo. On the primary endpoints of anxiety and depression severity, no statistically significant between-group advantage was detected for the hydrogen-rich water group. However, that group showed a greater reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels along with improvements in body pain and physical health scores. When between-group differences were statistically removed, psychological intervention alone produced significant decreases across multiple measured variables, including cytokine concentrations and the cortisol awakening response. The findings indicate that a maladaptive inflammatory process is present in women with panic disorder, and that hydrogen-rich water may contribute to modulating inflammatory markers even when its effect on anxiety severity does not reach significance.

### Mechanism

Hydrogen-rich water is proposed to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, thereby partially suppressing the maladaptive inflammatory processes associated with panic disorder.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Fernández-Serrano AB, Moya-Faz FJ, Giner Alegría CA, Fernández Rodríguez JC, Soriano Guilabert JF, Del Toro Mellado M
- **Journal**: Health Psychol Res
- **Year**: 2022
- **PMID**: [35774917](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35774917/)
- **DOI**: [10.52965/001c.35468](https://doi.org/10.52965/001c.35468)
- **PMC**: [PMC9239392](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9239392/)
- **Study type**: human randomized controlled trial
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: mixed

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 35774917. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/35774917
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [35774917](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35774917/)