# Research of Water Molecules Cluster Structuring duringFriv. Hydration.
> Haberlea rhodopensis Friv.の水和過程における水分子クラスター構造の分析


## Abstract

This study examined water molecule cluster formation during the rehydration of Haberlea rhodopensis Friv., a desiccation-tolerant resurrection plant native to the Balkan Peninsula. Two 1% juice solutions were prepared: one using hydrogen-enriched filtered water (1.2 ppm H2, pH 7.3, ORP −390 mV) and one using standard tap water from Sofia, Bulgaria, as a control. Non-equilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and differential non-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) spectral methods were applied to characterize hydrogen bond energy distributions and water molecule cluster configurations. Findings indicated that during plant desiccation, free water molecules diminish and water dimers accumulate. Upon rehydration with hydrogen-enriched water, rearrangement of water molecules across hydrogen bond energy levels was observed, producing distinct local extrema in the energy spectrum. The study concludes that hydrogen-rich water alters cluster structuring parameters compared with untreated tap water.

### Mechanism

Hydrogen-rich water modifies hydrogen bond energies, causing rearrangement of water molecules along energy levels and altering the distribution of water molecule clusters as detected by NES and DNES spectral analysis.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Ignatov I, Huether F, Neshev N, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Popova TP, Bankova R, et al.
- **Journal**: Plants (Basel)
- **Year**: 2022 (2022-10-10)
- **PMID**: [36235522](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36235522/)
- **DOI**: [10.3390/plants11192655](https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192655)
- **PMC**: [PMC9572004](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9572004/)
- **Study type**: other
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: not assessed

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 36235522. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/36235522
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [36235522](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36235522/)