# Ameliorating Role of Hydrogen-Rich Water Against NSAID-Induced Enteropathy via Reduction of ROS and Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids.
> 水素水摂取によるNSAID誘発性腸症の改善：ROS低減と短鎖脂肪酸産生を介したメカニズムの検討


## Abstract

This mouse study examined how hydrogen-rich water (HRW) affects indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury. Oral HRW administration for 5 days significantly reduced histological damage and suppressed inflammatory cytokine expression. Luminal reactive oxygen species (ROS) were markedly decreased in HRW-treated animals. Although gut microbiota composition was not altered by HRW, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from HRW-fed mice into recipient animals attenuated intestinal injury. Cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were significantly elevated in HRW-treated mice compared with controls. In vitro co-culture experiments showed that cecal supernatants from HRW-treated animals increased interleukin-10 expression in RAW264 macrophage cells. These findings indicate that HRW protects intestinal mucosa through two complementary mechanisms: direct ROS scavenging and SCFA-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling.

### Mechanism

HRW exerts dual protective effects: direct scavenging of luminal ROS including hydroxyl radicals, and elevation of cecal short-chain fatty acids that promote IL-10 production in macrophages, thereby suppressing intestinal inflammation.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Akita Y, Higashiyama M, Kurihara C, Ito S, Nishii S, Mizoguchi A, et al.
- **Journal**: Dig Dis Sci
- **Year**: 2023
- **PMID**: [36478314](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36478314/)
- **DOI**: [10.1007/s10620-022-07781-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-022-07781-5)
- **PMC**: [PMC9734488](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9734488/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 36478314. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/36478314
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [36478314](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36478314/)