# The Effect of Molecular Hydrogen on Functional States of Erythrocytes in Rats with Simulated Chronic Heart Failure.
> 慢性心不全モデルラットにおける赤血球機能状態への分子状水素の影響


## Abstract

Using a rat model of chronic heart failure (CHF), this study examined how H2 gas inhalation influences erythrocyte functional states. Measured parameters included lipid peroxidation markers, antioxidant capacity, electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes (EPM), aggregation, ATP and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG) levels, and hematological indices. Both single and repeated H2 inhalation sessions were associated with elevated EPM and reduced erythrocyte aggregation, with more pronounced changes observed after multiple exposures. Lipid peroxidation dynamics in erythrocytes paralleled oxidative changes in blood plasma under both exposure conditions. The findings suggest that the antioxidant properties of molecular hydrogen may underlie its metabolic effects, ultimately improving microcirculation and the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood in CHF conditions.

### Mechanism

H2 inhalation is proposed to suppress erythrocyte lipid peroxidation via antioxidant activity, leading to increased electrophoretic mobility and reduced aggregation, thereby enhancing microcirculation and blood oxygen transport in CHF.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Deryugina AV, Danilova DA, Pichugin VV, Brichkin YD
- **Journal**: Life (Basel)
- **Year**: 2023 (2023-02-02)
- **PMID**: [36836774](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36836774/)
- **DOI**: [10.3390/life13020418](https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020418)
- **PMC**: [PMC9960520](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9960520/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: inhalation
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

For inhalation applications of molecular hydrogen, the lower flammability limit (LFL) deserves careful handling. The classical 4% figure applies to closed-system mixtures; the practical inhalation-environment threshold is 10%. Even pure-hydrogen output (the UFL 75% paradox) passes through the flammable range at the air–gas boundary. High-concentration (66% / 100%) inhalers are documented in the Japanese Consumer Affairs Agency accident-information database and are not recommended.

## Safety notes

For inhalation applications of molecular hydrogen, the lower flammability limit (LFL) deserves careful handling. The classical 4% figure applies to closed-system mixtures; the practical inhalation-environment threshold is 10%. Even pure-hydrogen output (the UFL 75% paradox) passes through the flammable range at the air–gas boundary. High-concentration (66% / 100%) inhalers are documented in the Japanese Consumer Affairs Agency accident-information database and are not recommended.

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [LFL / UFL terminology](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lfl-ufl-explained)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 36836774. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/36836774
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [36836774](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36836774/)