# Molecular Hydrogen: From Molecular Effects to Stem Cells Management and Tissue Regeneration.
> 分子状水素の分子レベルから幹細胞制御・組織再生への作用機序に関する総説


## Abstract

This review systematically organizes current knowledge on the biological activities of molecular hydrogen (H2), a stable atmospheric gas present in trace amounts. By late 2022, over 2,000 publications had accumulated in the hydrogen medicine field. The authors examine the historical background of H2 bioactivity discovery, describe various routes of H2 administration, and survey effects at molecular, cellular, tissue, and systemic levels. Particular attention is given to H2 interactions with diverse cell types, including stem cells. The accumulated evidence positions H2 as a candidate agent in regenerative medicine contexts, with its molecular and cellular properties supporting potential utility across multiple biological systems.

### Mechanism

H2 exerts cytoprotective effects through selective scavenging of reactive oxygen species, suppression of inflammatory signaling, and inhibition of apoptotic pathways. Evidence also indicates that H2 influences stem cell proliferation and differentiation, supporting its relevance to tissue regeneration.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Artamonov M, Martusevich AK, Pyatakovich FA, Minenko IA, Dlin SV, LeBaron TW
- **Journal**: Antioxidants (Basel)
- **Year**: 2023 (2023-03-03)
- **PMID**: [36978884](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36978884/)
- **DOI**: [10.3390/antiox12030636](https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030636)
- **PMC**: [PMC10045005](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10045005/)
- **Study type**: review
- **Delivery route**: mixed routes
- **Effect reported**: not assessed

## Delivery context

This study combines multiple delivery routes. As a general principle, the most efficient route for routine hydrogen intake is inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

This study combines multiple delivery routes. As a general principle, the most efficient route for routine hydrogen intake is inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 36978884. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/36978884
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [36978884](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36978884/)