# [Alleviating effects of hydrogen on hyperhomocysteinemia and fatty liver induced by high-methionine diet].
> 高メチオニン食誘発性高ホモシステイン血症および脂肪肝に対する水素富化水の改善効果


## Abstract

A rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was established by feeding Wistar rats a high-methionine diet (AIN-93G supplemented with 2% methionine) for 6 weeks. Animals in the hydrogen-rich water (HRW) group received oral gavage of HRW at 0.8 mmol/L (3 ml per animal, twice daily). Compared with the high-methionine-only group, HRW-treated rats exhibited significantly reduced plasma homocysteine concentrations, attenuated hepatic histological damage, and elevated activity and mRNA expression of key enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism. Lipid profiles and liver morphology also improved in the HRW group. These findings suggest that molecular hydrogen may lower excess circulating homocysteine by upregulating all three major metabolic pathways of homocysteine, thereby improving hepatic metabolic function and reducing non-alcoholic fatty liver pathology.

### Mechanism

Hydrogen-rich water upregulates the activity and mRNA expression of key enzymes across the three major homocysteine metabolic pathways, reducing excess circulating homocysteine and thereby alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation and tissue injury.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Chu WB, Ding TQ, Wen B, Lu J, Fan R, Chen X
- **Journal**: Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi
- **Year**: 2022
- **PMID**: [37308436](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37308436/)
- **DOI**: [10.12047/j.cjap.6382.2022.143](https://doi.org/10.12047/j.cjap.6382.2022.143)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 37308436. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/37308436
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [37308436](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37308436/)