# Combined use of hydrogen-rich water and enzyme-digested edible bird's nest improves PMA/LPS-impaired wound healing in human inflammatory gingival tissue equivalents.
> 水素水と酵素分解ツバメの巣の併用がヒト炎症性歯肉組織等価物におけるPMA/LPS誘発創傷治癒障害を改善する


## Abstract

This in vitro study examined how hydrogen-rich water (HW), enzyme-digested edible bird's nest (EBND), and sialic acid (SA) affect wound healing under oxidative and inflammatory conditions. A three-dimensional human inflammatory gingival tissue equivalent (iGTE) was constructed using gingival fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and macrophages. Mechanical wounds were introduced, and tissues were exposed to PMA (10 ng/mL) and LPS (250 ng/mL). PMA/LPS reduced epithelial thickness, downregulated K8/18, E-cadherin, laminin, and elastin, upregulated COX-2, and elevated IL-6 and IL-8 secretion. Pretreatment with HW, EBND, or SA individually attenuated these changes in both monolayer cultures and the iGTE model. The combination of HW and EBND produced the most pronounced restoration of wound closure and suppression of inflammatory markers, suggesting a synergistic interaction between antioxidant and bioactive components in supporting gingival tissue repair.

### Mechanism

HW is proposed to scavenge reactive oxygen species generated by PMA, while EBND suppresses inflammatory signaling, together reducing COX-2 expression and IL-6/IL-8 secretion, thereby restoring extracellular matrix protein expression and accelerating wound closure in gingival tissue.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Wang D, Shimamura N, Miwa N, Xiao L
- **Journal**: Hum Cell
- **Year**: 2024
- **PMID**: [38679666](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38679666/)
- **DOI**: [10.1007/s13577-024-01065-y](https://doi.org/10.1007/s13577-024-01065-y)
- **Study type**: in vitro study
- **Delivery route**: in vitro
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

This is basic research at the cellular or molecular level. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

This is basic research at the cellular or molecular level. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 38679666. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/38679666
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [38679666](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38679666/)