# The Effect of 14-Day Consumption of Hydrogen-Rich Water Alleviates Fatigue but Does Not Ameliorate Dyspnea in Long-COVID Patients: A Pilot, Single-Blind, and Randomized, Controlled Trial.
> 水素水14日間摂取がロングCOVID患者の疲労軽減に与える影響：パイロット単盲検無作為化対照試験


## Abstract

This pilot single-blind randomized controlled trial enrolled 32 Long-COVID patients (16 per group) to evaluate 14 consecutive days of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) versus placebo water. HRW significantly reduced Fatigue Severity Scale scores (p=0.046, Cohen's d=0.696) and improved Six-Minute Walk Test distance (p<0.001, d=1.010), 30-second Chair Stand Test performance (p=0.002, d=1.190), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores (p=0.012, d=1.274). No significant differences were observed for the Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Rating Scale (p=0.556) or the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (p>0.143). These findings suggest that HRW consumption may benefit cardiorespiratory endurance, musculoskeletal function, sleep quality, and fatigue in Long-COVID patients, while dyspnea remains unaffected.

### Mechanism

H2's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are proposed to reduce oxidative stress and systemic inflammation associated with Long-COVID, thereby alleviating fatigue and improving physical and sleep-related outcomes.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Tan Y, Xie Y, Dong G, Yin M, Shang Z, Zhou KW, et al.
- **Journal**: Nutrients
- **Year**: 2024 (2024-05-19)
- **PMID**: [38794767](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38794767/)
- **DOI**: [10.3390/nu16101529](https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101529)
- **PMC**: [PMC11123997](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11123997/)
- **Study type**: human randomized controlled trial
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: mixed

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 38794767. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/38794767
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [38794767](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38794767/)