# Bio-spectroscopic investigation linking changes of retinal structure with short-term administration of Amiodarone and revealing the ameliorative effect of vitamin E supplementation.
> アミオダロン短期投与によるウサギ網膜構造変化とビタミンE補給の改善効果：バイオ分光学的解析


## Abstract

This animal study examined the short-term retinal effects of amiodarone (AMIO) and the potential ameliorative role of vitamin E using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and fundus examination in rabbits. Three groups were studied: untreated controls, AMIO-treated animals (160 mg/kg/day orally for 2 weeks), and a group receiving AMIO followed by vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day orally for 2 weeks). FTIR analysis revealed significant alterations in retinal lipid and protein structures following AMIO administration, including shifts in NH, OH, and CH bond positions and bandwidths, changes in α-helix and turn protein fractions, promotion of intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and increased lipid disorder. Subsequent vitamin E supplementation reversed these biophysical changes. Principal component analysis supported these findings. Notably, the detected structural changes preceded any abnormalities observable by fundus examination, indicating that FTIR can identify early retinal alterations before conventional clinical detection.

### Mechanism

Amiodarone promotes intramolecular hydrogen bond formation and increases lipid disorder in retinal tissue while altering protein secondary structure, particularly α-helix and turn fractions. Vitamin E supplementation reverses these biophysical changes, suggesting an antioxidant-mediated structural protective mechanism.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Mahmoud SS, Morsy SA, Aly EM, Mohalhal IA
- **Journal**: Sci Rep
- **Year**: 2024 (2024-09-05)
- **PMID**: [39237619](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39237619/)
- **DOI**: [10.1038/s41598-024-70573-6](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70573-6)
- **PMC**: [PMC11377559](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377559/)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: animal model
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

This study is at the animal-experiment stage. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

This study is at the animal-experiment stage. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 39237619. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/39237619
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [39237619](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39237619/)