# Au/Ag@ZnS yolk-shell photocatalysts enhanced with noble metals and hyaluronic acid for efficient hydrogen production in rheumatoid arthritis therapy.
> 関節リウマチへの応用を目的としたAu/Ag@ZnSヨーク-シェル光触媒によるヒアルロン酸修飾水素産生システムの開発


## Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis involves chronic synovial inflammation driven by abnormal cell proliferation and macrophage infiltration. To address the limited bioavailability of molecular hydrogen, researchers fabricated a hyaluronic acid-decorated Au/Ag@ZnS yolk-shell nanostructure (H-AAZS) via a hydrothermal cation-exchange route. Under 660 nm laser irradiation, Schottky barriers and semiconductor hybridization within H-AAZS enabled efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Simultaneously, hot electrons from the Au component induced mild photothermal effects that promoted apoptosis in synovial cells without exacerbating local inflammation. Both cell-based and animal experiments confirmed synergistic outcomes: hydrogen-mediated reactive oxygen species scavenging, anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization, and controlled photothermal activity collectively modulated the synovial microenvironment. The nanoplatform offers a strategy for combining photocatalytic hydrogen production with photothermal modulation to address joint inflammation.

### Mechanism

H-AAZS generates molecular hydrogen photocatalytically under 660 nm irradiation via Schottky barriers and semiconductor hybridization, scavenging reactive oxygen species; concurrently, Au hot electrons induce synovial cell apoptosis through mild photothermal effects without amplifying inflammation.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Chao M, Huang Y, Zhou P, Wu G, Ren Y, Yan H, et al.
- **Journal**: Int J Biol Macromol
- **Year**: 2024 (2024-09-24)
- **PMID**: [39322151](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39322151/)
- **DOI**: [10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135929](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135929)
- **Study type**: in vitro study
- **Delivery route**: in vitro
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

This is basic research at the cellular or molecular level. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

This is basic research at the cellular or molecular level. For human application, inhalation is the most promising delivery route, but inhalation carries explosion risk and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 39322151. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/39322151
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [39322151](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39322151/)