# Combating oxidative stress and inflammation in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity using hydrogen-rich water.
> 水素水投与によるゲンタマイシン誘発腎毒性における酸化ストレスおよび炎症の抑制効果


## Abstract

A rat model of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity was used to evaluate the renal protective potential of hydrogen-rich water (HRW). Thirty-two rats were allocated equally to four groups: control, HRW alone, gentamicin alone, and gentamicin combined with HRW. After one week, blood and kidney tissue were collected for biochemical analysis of MDA, GSH, TNF-α, TNF-β, IL-6, endoglin, endocan, urea, creatinine, sodium, and potassium. Immunohistochemical staining assessed 8-OHdG, MDA, and Bax expression. Gentamicin administration elevated all oxidative, inflammatory, and renal function markers compared with controls. Co-administration of HRW significantly attenuated these elevations, while GSH levels were higher in the HRW-alone group relative to the gentamicin group. Immunohistochemical findings corroborated the biochemical data, showing reduced 8-OHdG, MDA, and Bax expression in the combined group versus the gentamicin-only group.

### Mechanism

HRW lowered renal oxidative stress markers (MDA, 8-OHdG) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, TNF-β, IL-6), while increasing GSH levels and reducing Bax expression, collectively attenuating gentamicin-induced apoptotic and inflammatory cascades in kidney tissue.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Cumaoglu MO, Makav M, Dag S, Uysal AY, Baser L, LeBaron TW, et al.
- **Journal**: Tissue Cell
- **Year**: 2024
- **PMID**: [39531856](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39531856/)
- **DOI**: [10.1016/j.tice.2024.102604](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2024.102604)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 39531856. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/39531856
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [39531856](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39531856/)