# Exploring the Potential of HTherapy in Reducing Surgical Complications: A Review on Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Anti-fibrotic Mechanisms.
> 術後癒着予防における水素の可能性：抗炎症・抗酸化・抗線維化メカニズムに関するレビュー


## Abstract

This review examined the available literature from PubMed and Google Scholar to evaluate the role of molecular hydrogen in preventing post-surgical adhesions and the underlying biological mechanisms. Molecular hydrogen possesses selective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties with potential applications in conditions such as acute pancreatitis, respiratory disorders, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Post-surgical adhesions, which contribute to chronic pain, organ dysfunction, and acute complications, are fundamentally driven by inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. Surgical trauma triggers immune cell recruitment and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, promoting adhesion formation. Evidence indicates that hydrogen can suppress early inflammatory responses by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines while simultaneously exerting antioxidant and anti-fibrotic effects. The authors conclude that further investigation into the precise molecular pathways and additional clinical studies are warranted to fully characterize hydrogen's efficacy and safety profile in this context.

### Mechanism

Molecular hydrogen suppresses early post-surgical inflammatory responses by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, while its antioxidant activity reduces oxidative stress and its anti-fibrotic properties inhibit fibrosis, collectively limiting adhesion formation.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Neykhonji M, Al-Asady AM, Avan A, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM
- **Journal**: Curr Pharm Des
- **Year**: 2025
- **PMID**: [40017254](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40017254/)
- **DOI**: [10.2174/0113816128354067250211052237](https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128354067250211052237)
- **Study type**: review
- **Delivery route**: mixed routes
- **Effect reported**: not assessed

## Delivery context

This study combines multiple delivery routes. As a general principle, the most efficient route for routine hydrogen intake is inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

This study combines multiple delivery routes. As a general principle, the most efficient route for routine hydrogen intake is inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 40017254. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/40017254
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [40017254](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40017254/)