# Hydrogen-rich water consumption modifies the chemical, biochemical, nutritional, and bioactive properties of the goat's colostrum and mature milk.
> 水素水摂取がヤギの初乳および成熟乳の化学的・生化学的・栄養的・生理活性特性に与える影響


## Abstract

This animal study examined how hydrogen-rich water (HRW) consumption by goats alters the composition and functional properties of their colostrum and mature milk. Animals received either normal water or HRW ad libitum from approximately 20–22 days before parturition through 28 days postpartum, with milk samples collected at parturition and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Compared with controls, HRW-fed goats produced milk with elevated fat content. ABTS radical scavenging activity was higher in HRW-fed colostrum. Inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase was greater in HRW-fed milk, suggesting enhanced in vitro antidiabetic potential. Several free fatty acids—including C2, C8, C10, C15, C18, and C20—were more abundant in HRW-fed milk, as were certain volatile compounds. Total phenolic content on day 7 was higher in normal-water milk. These findings indicate that HRW consumption by lactating goats can meaningfully alter the nutritional and bioactive profile of the resulting milk.

### Mechanism

HRW intake in goats appears to enhance antioxidant capacity in milk and colostrum while increasing inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, suggesting modulation of glycemic enzyme activity. Shifts in free fatty acid composition may further contribute to altered nutritional properties of the milk.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Kanmaz H, Şahingil D, Alwazeer D, Bulut M, Kuru M, Makav M, et al.
- **Journal**: Food Chem
- **Year**: 2025 (2025-07-15)
- **PMID**: [40112728](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40112728/)
- **DOI**: [10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143855](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143855)
- **Study type**: animal study
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: mixed

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 40112728. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/40112728
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [40112728](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40112728/)