# The impact of hydrogen-rich water on liver enzyme levels in clinical populations: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.
> 水素水摂取が肝酵素値に与える影響：系統的レビューおよびメタ解析


## Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the influence of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on hepatic enzyme concentrations in clinical populations. Following PRISMA guidelines, three databases—PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase—were searched from inception through January 2024. Eight randomized controlled trials encompassing 433 participants with various liver function abnormalities were included. Quantitative synthesis revealed modest reductions in ALT, AST, and ALP levels among individuals consuming HRW relative to those receiving plain water. These findings are consistent with hydrogen's proposed roles as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The authors note that the magnitude of effect was modest and that additional well-powered trials are required to establish the robustness of this association across diverse patient populations.

### Mechanism

Hydrogen is proposed to scavenge reactive oxygen species and suppress inflammatory signaling, thereby reducing hepatocellular damage and consequently lowering circulating levels of ALT, AST, and ALP.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Khalili-Tanha G, Jamialahmadi H, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Nazari E
- **Journal**: Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench
- **Year**: 2024
- **PMID**: [40406427](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40406427/)
- **DOI**: [10.22037/ghfbb.v17i4.2990](https://doi.org/10.22037/ghfbb.v17i4.2990)
- **PMC**: [PMC12094507](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094507/)
- **Study type**: meta-analysis
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 40406427. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/40406427
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [40406427](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40406427/)