# Redox reactions in chronic pain: mechanisms and relevance in fibromyalgia.
> 線維筋痛症における酸化還元反応と慢性疼痛：メカニズムと介入の可能性に関するレビュー


## Abstract

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition in which oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation are implicated as core pathophysiological drivers. This scoping review, drawing on searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, found that FM patients exhibit elevated biomarkers of lipid peroxidation (MDA, 4-HNE) alongside reduced antioxidant capacity (CoQ10, SOD, catalase) and impaired mitochondrial function. Preclinical data and small clinical studies point to possible benefits from NRF2 pathway activation, high-dose thiamine supplementation, CoQ10, molecular hydrogen, and oxygen-ozone approaches. Nevertheless, robust randomized controlled trial evidence is currently absent, and no standardized protocols have been established. The authors conclude that redox-targeted strategies in FM remain investigational, and call for well-designed RCTs to clarify efficacy and safety.

### Mechanism

In fibromyalgia, elevated lipid peroxidation markers (MDA, 4-HNE) combined with deficient antioxidant enzymes (CoQ10, SOD, catalase) and mitochondrial dysfunction are proposed to amplify central pain sensitization and fatigue through sustained redox imbalance.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Ho TS, Ryan M, Holle J
- **Journal**: Front Pain Res (Lausanne)
- **Year**: 2025
- **PMID**: [40432823](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40432823/)
- **DOI**: [10.3389/fpain.2025.1593908](https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2025.1593908)
- **PMC**: [PMC12106312](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106312/)
- **Study type**: review
- **Delivery route**: not specified
- **Effect reported**: not assessed

## Delivery context

The delivery route is not clearly identifiable from this paper. For hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

## Safety notes

The delivery route is not clearly identifiable from this paper. For hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 40432823. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/40432823
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [40432823](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40432823/)