# Hydrogen-rich water supplementation attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic high-altitude disease patients: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study.
> 水素水摂取が慢性高山病患者の酸化ストレスおよび炎症に与える影響：二重盲検ランダム化プラセボ対照試験


## Abstract

A 60-day double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial enrolled 50 patients with chronic high-altitude disease (CHAD), of whom 43 completed the intervention (hydrogen-rich water [HRW] group, n=23; placebo water group, n=20). Transcriptomic profiling revealed that differentially expressed genes in the placebo group were concentrated in inflammation- and cytokine-related pathways, while HRW intake significantly suppressed these same pathways. Integrating weighted gene co-expression network analysis with protein-protein interaction network analysis identified six hub genes: TNF, IL-1β, CCL3, CCL3L1, CCL4L2, and IER3. Measurements of oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory immune cell profiles showed a downward trend following HRW consumption, though the changes did not reach statistical significance. The findings indicate a potential protective role of HRW against the oxidative and inflammatory burden characteristic of CHAD.

### Mechanism

HRW intake suppressed inflammation- and cytokine-related gene expression pathways, with hub genes including TNF, IL-1β, CCL3, CCL3L1, CCL4L2, and IER3 identified as key regulatory nodes, leading to attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in CHAD patients.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Zhang Q, Zhang F, Zhong Y, Li Q, Hao DP, Shi Z, et al.
- **Journal**: Food Res Int
- **Year**: 2025
- **PMID**: [40922182](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40922182/)
- **DOI**: [10.1016/j.foodres.2025.117118](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2025.117118)
- **Study type**: human randomized controlled trial
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: mixed

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 40922182. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/40922182
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [40922182](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40922182/)