# Molecular mechanisms associated with effects of hydrogen molecule in liver diseases: the review of current evidence.
> 肝疾患における分子状水素の作用機序：現在のエビデンスのレビュー


## Abstract

Oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling are central drivers of hepatocyte apoptosis, fibrosis, and malignant transformation in liver disease. This review examines the mechanistic basis by which molecular hydrogen exerts hepatoprotective effects, drawing on data from animal experiments and clinical investigations. Key topics include selective scavenging of pathological reactive oxygen species, modulation of redox and inflammatory cascade pathways, restoration of glucolipid metabolic homeostasis, remodeling of the intestinal microbiota, and direct cytoprotective actions. The authors also highlight emerging delivery technologies and identify gaps in mechanistic understanding that must be addressed before broader clinical use can be established.

### Mechanism

Molecular hydrogen selectively neutralizes pathological reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals, thereby modulating redox signaling and inflammatory cascades. This leads to hepatocyte protection, suppression of fibrosis, improvement of glucolipid metabolic homeostasis, and remodeling of the gut microbiota.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Zhu Q, Li XM, Li SC, Liu SJ, Tian Y, Xing X, et al.
- **Journal**: Eur J Med Res
- **Year**: 2025 (2025-11-05)
- **PMID**: [41194243](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41194243/)
- **DOI**: [10.1186/s40001-025-03347-z](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-03347-z)
- **PMC**: [PMC12590665](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12590665/)
- **Study type**: review
- **Delivery route**: mixed routes
- **Effect reported**: not assessed

## Delivery context

This study combines multiple delivery routes. As a general principle, the most efficient route for routine hydrogen intake is inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

This study combines multiple delivery routes. As a general principle, the most efficient route for routine hydrogen intake is inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 41194243. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/41194243
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [41194243](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41194243/)