# Adjuvant Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in SLE-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Case Report on Immunomodulatory Effects on Regulatory and Effector Lymphocytes.
> SLE関連肺動脈性肺高血圧症における水素カプセル補助投与：制御性・エフェクターリンパ球への免疫調節効果に関する症例報告


## Abstract

A 42-year-old Taiwanese woman diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) received hydrogen capsule supplementation as an adjuvant intervention. Serial immunophenotyping conducted throughout the observation period revealed dynamic shifts in suppressive surface markers, including PD1 and FAS, alongside changes in regulatory T-cell and B-cell populations. Notably, double-negative B-cells and class-switched memory B-cells declined during the course of administration, indicating a sustained immunosuppressive effect. These findings suggest that molecular hydrogen may influence immune tolerance and attenuate inflammatory signaling in autoimmune-driven vascular disease. The authors propose that this approach warrants further investigation in SLE-PAH patients.

### Mechanism

Molecular hydrogen, acting as a selective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, appears to modulate suppressive immune markers (PD1, FAS) and shift regulatory T- and B-cell subset distributions, thereby promoting immune tolerance and reducing autoimmune-driven vascular inflammation.

## Bibliographic

- **Authors**: Liu C, Lu J, Wu CY, Ho YJ, Lui SW, Hsieh TY, et al.
- **Journal**: In Vivo
- **Year**: 2026
- **PMID**: [41482388](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41482388/)
- **DOI**: [10.21873/invivo.14220](https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.14220)
- **PMC**: [PMC12764242](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12764242/)
- **Study type**: human case report
- **Delivery route**: hydrogen-rich water
- **Effect reported**: positive

## Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

## Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:
- [Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [Consumer Affairs Agency accident cases](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/accident-cases)
- [Inhalation safety threshold lineage](https://h2-papers.org/en/safety-notes/lineage)

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> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — PMID 41482388. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/41482388
> **Source**: PubMed PMID [41482388](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41482388/)