# Evidence base for hydrogen-rich water

Research on hydrogen-rich water (oral) organized by disease and effect. HRW is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic dose is bounded; for clinical applications inhalation is the most efficient route (→ [safety notes](/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)).

## Related papers (100)

- [Mechanism by which hydrogen-rich water mitigates exercise-induced fatigue: activation of the immunoresponsive gene 1-itaconate/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway.](/en/papers/40580185) — Med Gas Res 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich water alleviates neuropathic pain through the modulation of bile acid/Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5-mediated autophagy.](/en/papers/41143867) — Pain 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Molecular hydrogen mitigates acetaminophen-induced liver injury and enhances the effects of N-acetylcysteine in diabetic mice.](/en/papers/41207540) — J Nutr Biochem 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen intervention attenuates chronic hypoxia-induced bone degeneration and multi-organ damage via modulation of the gut microbiota.](/en/papers/41224067) — Bone 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Postharvest preservation of chestnuts: Combined application of hydrogen-rich water and a carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating.](/en/papers/41314584) — Int J Biol Macromol 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Influence of hydrogen-rich water on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters in experimentally induced hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism models.](/en/papers/41421768) — Reprod Toxicol 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Adjuvant Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in SLE-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Case Report on Immunomodulatory Effects on Regulatory and Effector Lymphocytes.](/en/papers/41482388) — In Vivo 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Rhupus Syndrome With Multiple Drug Intolerances Managed by Reduced-dose Rituximab and Adjunctive Molecular Hydrogen Therapy: A Case Report.](/en/papers/41482402) — In Vivo 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Exploratory Evaluation of Hydrogen-Rich Water Therapy for Keloid Management: A Double-Blinded Randomized Pilot Trial.](/en/papers/41545661) — Aesthetic Plast Surg 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich water improves endurance by reducing skeletal muscle oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.](/en/papers/41641160) — Front Nutr 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Long-Term Consumption of Hydrogen-Rich Water Mitigates Oxidative Stress, Hepatic Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats with LPS-Induced Chronic Liver Injury.](/en/papers/41750640) — Antioxidants (Basel) 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Adjunctive Molecular Hydrogen Therapy Modulates T Cell Markers and Reduces Anti-Ro Antibody in Refractory Oral Ulcers of Behçet's Disease and Sjögren's Syndrome: A Case Report.](/en/papers/41760342) — In Vivo 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Enhanced phytoremediation of Cd-As co-contaminated farmland using hydrogen-rich water: Mechanisms and efficiency evaluation in Solanum nigrum L․.](/en/papers/41765536) — J Environ Sci (China) 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [The effect of hydrogen-rich water interventions on lipid profiles in adults with overweight or obesity and associated metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.](/en/papers/41888952) — Diabetol Metab Syndr 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — not assessed
- [Silicon-based agent mitigates fatty liver formation in a CDAHFD60-induced MASH mouse model by enhancing hepatic function.](/en/papers/41890216) — Biochem Biophys Rep 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Molecular hydrogen as a treatment for ME/CFS: a mini-review of clinical evidence and mechanistic rationale.](/en/papers/41930109) — Front Med (Lausanne) 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Molecular Hydrogen Reverses Nociplastic Pain and Depressive-like Behaviors via Region- and Sex-Dependent Central Mechanisms.](/en/papers/41977237) — Int J Mol Sci 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-Rich Water as a Performance-Enhancing Aid in National-Level Finswimmers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study.](/en/papers/41991147) — Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — mixed
- [Adjunctive Molecular Hydrogen Capsule Therapy in Empyema Complicated by Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: A Case Report.](/en/papers/42049414) — In Vivo 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Consumption of hydrogen-rich water ameliorates atherosclerosis by modulating gut microbiota and enhancing short-chain fatty acid levels.](/en/papers/42069299) — Life Sci 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Protective effects of hydrogen-rich water against acute lead-induced hepatic, renal, and testicular toxicity in rats.](/en/papers/42115396) — Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2026 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Molecular hydrogen inhibits neuroinflammation and ameliorates depressive-like behaviors and short-term cognitive impairment in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice.](/en/papers/39522774) — Behav Brain Res 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Molecular Hydrogen as a Potential Adjunctive Therapy to Improve Renal Function and Reduce Fatigue in an Elderly Patient With Chronic Comorbidities: A Case Report.](/en/papers/39740897) — In Vivo 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Oral Administration of Hydrogen-rich Water: Biomedical Activities, Potential Mechanisms, and Clinical Applications.](/en/papers/39810534) — Curr Pharm Des 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — not assessed
- [Molecular Hydrogen Modulates T Cell Differentiation and Enhances Neuro-Regeneration in a Vascular Dementia Mouse Model.](/en/papers/39857445) — Antioxidants (Basel) 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich water ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions and regulates macrophage polarization in dyslipidemic ApoE-deficient mice.](/en/papers/39923825) — Eur J Pharmacol 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Long-term consumption of hydrogen-rich water provides hepatoprotection by improving mitochondrial biology and quality control in chronically stressed mice.](/en/papers/39951412) — PLoS One 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Molecular Hydrogen Therapy for SLE-PAH: Case Report on Immune Marker Modulation.](/en/papers/40010970) — In Vivo 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Molecular Hydrogen Therapy Enhances Immune Markers in Treg, Plasma, Tr1 Cells, and KLRG1 Expression on Tc Cells: A Case of Acute SDH With Midline Shift and Uncal Herniation Post-decompressive Craniectomy.](/en/papers/40010997) — In Vivo 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — mixed
- [Aging, vascular dysfunction, and the blood-brain barrier: unveiling the pathophysiology of stroke in older adults.](/en/papers/40044939) — Biogerontology 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — not assessed
- [Alleviation of salt stress in strawberries by hydrogen-rich water: Physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic responses.](/en/papers/40069937) — Physiol Plant 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water on Growth, Redox Homeostasis and Hormonal, Histological and Immune Systems in Rats Exposed to High Cage Density Stress.](/en/papers/40104881) — Vet Med Sci 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich water consumption modifies the chemical, biochemical, nutritional, and bioactive properties of the goat's colostrum and mature milk.](/en/papers/40112728) — Food Chem 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — mixed
- [Protective effect of hydrogen-rich water on spermatogenesis in high-fat diet obese rats.](/en/papers/40188972) — Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [The effect of Hydrogen-rich water on retinal degeneration in the outer nuclear layer of simulated weightlessness rats.](/en/papers/40280637) — Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Advanced Glycation End Products and Skin Autoimmune Disorders: Pathogenic Insights into Vitiligo, Bullous Pemphigoid, and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.](/en/papers/40289982) — Curr Med Chem 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — not assessed
- [Molecular Hydrogen Capsule Therapy for Primary Biliary Cholangitis With Elevated IgG4: A Case Report on Immune Marker Normalization.](/en/papers/40295001) — In Vivo 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Corrigendum to "Protective effect of hydrogen-rich water on spermatogenesis in high-fat diet obese rats" [Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Volume 499, June 2025, 117334].](/en/papers/40311701) — Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — not assessed
- [Molecular Hydrogen Ameliorates Anti-Desmoglein 1 Antibody-Induced Pemphigus-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress.](/en/papers/40362440) — Int J Mol Sci 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-Rich Water Decreases Muscle Damage and Improves Power Endurance in Elite Athletes: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.](/en/papers/40376695) — J Lifestyle Med 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Treatment with hydrogen-rich water protects against thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats through stabilizing liver-brain disturbance.](/en/papers/40410340) — Sci Rep 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen activates ACOD1-itaconate pathway to ameliorate steroid-associated osteonecrosis.](/en/papers/40411985) — Biomaterials 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Comparison of the Antimicrobial Effect of Hydrogen Water and Chlorhexidine Mouth rinse in Toothbrush Disinfection Among Dental Students.](/en/papers/40511014) — J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [The effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water for six weeks on exercise-related biomarkers in exercise-naïve men and women over 50 years following resistance training program: a randomized controlled pilot trial.](/en/papers/40525414) — Res Sports Med 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Predicting Therapeutic Response to Molecular Hydrogen in Autoimmune Diseases via Immunophenotyping.](/en/papers/40590161) — APMIS 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — mixed
- [Mechanism of hydrogen-rich water alleviating radiation-induced cognitive impairment through PI3K/AKT/Caspase-9 pathway mediating anti-oxidation.](/en/papers/40646375) — Mol Cell Biochem 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Long-term administration of hydrogen-rich water enhances quality of life in diabetic rats and reduces renal neoplasm incidence through modulation of inflammatory and metabolic pathways.](/en/papers/40687659) — Transl Androl Urol 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-Rich Water Consumption for Acute and Residual Fatigue After Simulated Football Matches: Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Trial.](/en/papers/40694834) — JMIR Res Protoc 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — not assessed
- [Pre-Exercise Ingestion of Hydrogen-Rich Cold Water Enhances Endurance Performance and Lactate Response in Heat.](/en/papers/40731803) — Medicina (Kaunas) 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [The Effects of 8-Week Hydrogen-Rich Water Consumption on Appetite, Body Composition, Sleep Quality, and Circulating Glucagon-like Peptide-1 in Obese Men and Women (HYDRAPPET): A Randomized Controlled Trial.](/en/papers/40731927) — Medicina (Kaunas) 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Long-Term Neuroprotective Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water and Memantine in Chronic Radiation-Induced Brain Injury: Behavioral, Histological, and Molecular Insights.](/en/papers/40867844) — Antioxidants (Basel) 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich water supplementation attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic high-altitude disease patients: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study.](/en/papers/40922182) — Food Res Int 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — mixed
- [Optimized dose of hydrogen-enriched water with minocycline combination therapy in experimental ischemic stroke.](/en/papers/40935311) — Brain Res 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Adjunctive molecular hydrogen therapy for refractory malar rash in systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report with immunological insights.](/en/papers/40964664) — SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Molecular hydrogen-rhodiola as an adjuvant therapy for ischemic stroke in internal carotid artery occlusion: A case report.](/en/papers/41141928) — Open Med (Wars) 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Dynamic Immunomodulation by Hydrogen Capsule Therapy in SLE-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Case Report.](/en/papers/41167678) — In Vivo 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich water irrigation enhances fruit quality in 'Flame Seedless' grapes by regulating chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidant activities.](/en/papers/41230230) — Front Plant Sci 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Synergistic alleviation effects of salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and hydrogen-rich water on salt stress in.](/en/papers/41234312) — Front Plant Sci 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Does Hydrogen-Rich Water Reduce Oxidative Stress in Patients with Chronic Mountain Sickness? A Randomized, Blinded, Controlled Trial.](/en/papers/41371770) — High Alt Med Biol 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — mixed
- [Hydrogen-Rich Water Potentiates Cannabinoid- and Gabapentinoid-Induced Analgesia in Neuropathic Pain.](/en/papers/41465581) — Int J Mol Sci 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich water attenuates radiation-induced oral mucositis in mice via antioxidant and gut microbiota-stabilizing effects: a longitudinal study.](/en/papers/41909889) — Gut Microbes Rep 2025 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen Water: Extra Healthy or a Hoax?-A Systematic Review.](/en/papers/38256045) — Int J Mol Sci 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — mixed
- [Hydrogen-rich water improves sleep consolidation and enhances forebrain neuronal activation in mice.](/en/papers/38264142) — Sleep Adv 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [A preliminary therapeutic study of the effects of molecular hydrogen on intestinal dysbiosis and small intestinal injury in high-fat diet-loaded senescence-accelerated mice.](/en/papers/38428218) — Nutrition 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich water supplementation improves metabolic profile during peripartum period in Gurcu goats and enhances the health and survival of kids.](/en/papers/38458045) — Res Vet Sci 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — mixed
- [Decoupling the mutual promotion of inflammation and oxidative stress mitigates cognitive decline and depression-like behavior in rmTBI mice by promoting myelin renewal and neuronal survival.](/en/papers/38479178) — Biomed Pharmacother 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [The effect of hydrogen-rich water consumption on premenstrual symptoms and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial.](/en/papers/38532373) — BMC Womens Health 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Health Benefits of Electrolyzed Hydrogen Water: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Living Organisms.](/en/papers/38539846) — Antioxidants (Basel) 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — not assessed
- [Hydrogen-rich water supplementation promotes muscle recovery after two strenuous training sessions performed on the same day in elite fin swimmers: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.](/en/papers/38681143) — Front Physiol 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [The Effect of 14-Day Consumption of Hydrogen-Rich Water Alleviates Fatigue but Does Not Ameliorate Dyspnea in Long-COVID Patients: A Pilot, Single-Blind, and Randomized, Controlled Trial.](/en/papers/38794767) — Nutrients 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — mixed
- [Hydrogen-rich water alleviates constipation by attenuating oxidative stress through the sirtuin1/nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway.](/en/papers/38855154) — World J Gastroenterol 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [The GA and ABA signaling is required for hydrogen-mediated seed germination in wax gourd.](/en/papers/38872107) — BMC Plant Biol 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Mitigating radiation-induced brain injury via NLRP3/NLRC4/Caspase-1 pyroptosis pathway: Efficacy of memantine and hydrogen-rich water.](/en/papers/38906028) — Biomed Pharmacother 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-Rich Alkaline Water Supplementation Restores a Healthy State and Redox Balance in HO-Treated Mice.](/en/papers/38928440) — Int J Mol Sci 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen nanobubbles and oxidative windows: Investigating how varying hydrogen concentrations influence seed germination and stress defense.](/en/papers/38941838) — J Hazard Mater 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — mixed
- [Hydrogen alleviates hypoxic-ischaemic brain damage in neonatal rats by inhibiting injury of brain pericytes.](/en/papers/39001579) — J Cell Mol Med 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [The Combination of Molecular Hydrogen and Heme Oxygenase 1 Effectively Inhibits Neuropathy Caused by Paclitaxel in Mice.](/en/papers/39061924) — Antioxidants (Basel) 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Molecular Hydrogen for Outpatients with COVID-19 (Hydro-COVID): A Phase 3 Randomised, Triple-Blinded, Pragmatic, Placebo-Controlled, Multicentre Trial.](/en/papers/39124575) — J Clin Med 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — null
- [Hydrogen-rich water alleviates asthma airway inflammation by modulating tryptophan metabolism and activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor via gut microbiota regulation.](/en/papers/39147072) — Free Radic Biol Med 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Molecular hydrogen supplementation in mice ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced loss of interest.](/en/papers/39171191) — PCN Rep 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — mixed
- [Effects of hydrogen-rich water on blood uric acid in patients with hyperuricemia: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.](/en/papers/39258191) — Heliyon 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Using oral molecular hydrogen supplements to combat microinflammation in humans: a pilot observational study.](/en/papers/39310256) — Int J Med Sci 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Effects of 8 days intake of hydrogen-rich water on muscular endurance performance and fatigue recovery during resistance training.](/en/papers/39434721) — Front Physiol 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — mixed
- [Oral Intake of Hydrogen Water Improves Retinal Blood Flow Dysregulation in Response to Flicker Stimulation and Systemic Hyperoxia in Diabetic Mice.](/en/papers/39446362) — Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in Sjögren's Syndrome With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Right-sided Heart Failure: A Case Report of Improved Immune Markers Including Treg, B Cells and Plasma Cell.](/en/papers/39477378) — In Vivo 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in Aneurysmal SAH With RA and Newly-diagnosed SLE, Complicated With Acute Ischemic Infarction: A Case Report of Improved Immune Markers Including Tr1 Cells, Breg Cells and TIM3 Expression on Tc Cells.](/en/papers/39477420) — In Vivo 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich water 400ppb as a potential strategy for improving ruminant nutrition and mitigating methane emissions.](/en/papers/39528942) — BMC Microbiol 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Combating oxidative stress and inflammation in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity using hydrogen-rich water.](/en/papers/39531856) — Tissue Cell 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Regulation of hydrogen rich water on strawberry seedlings and root endophytic bacteria under salt stress.](/en/papers/39640989) — Front Plant Sci 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Therapeutic potential of hydrogen-rich water in zebrafish model of Alzheimer's disease: targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and the gut-brain axis.](/en/papers/39839307) — Front Aging Neurosci 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [The Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water on Blood Lipid Profiles in Metabolic Disorders Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.](/en/papers/39839806) — Int J Endocrinol Metab 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — mixed
- [The impact of hydrogen-rich water on liver enzyme levels in clinical populations: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.](/en/papers/40406427) — Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2024 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich water delays fruit softening and prolongs shelf life of postharvest okras.](/en/papers/36037687) — Food Chem 2023 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich water alleviates chilling injury-induced lignification of kiwifruit by inhibiting peroxidase activity and improving antioxidant system.](/en/papers/36229969) — J Sci Food Agric 2023 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Ameliorating Role of Hydrogen-Rich Water Against NSAID-Induced Enteropathy via Reduction of ROS and Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids.](/en/papers/36478314) — Dig Dis Sci 2023 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Taurine, Coenzyme Q, and Hydrogen Water Prevents Germanium Dioxide-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Associated Sensorineural Hearing Loss in mouse.](/en/papers/36577362) — Hear Res 2023 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Transcriptomic and metabolomic studies on the protective effect of molecular hydrogen against nuclear electromagnetic pulse-induced brain damage.](/en/papers/36817910) — Front Public Health 2023 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Molecular Hydrogen Prevents Osteoclast Activation in a Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Zebrafish Scale Model.](/en/papers/36829904) — Antioxidants (Basel) 2023 — hydrogen-rich water — mixed
- [Hydrogen-rich water treatment increased several phytohormones and prolonged the shelf life in postharvest okras.](/en/papers/36866361) — Front Plant Sci 2023 — hydrogen-rich water — positive
- [Novel therapeutic approaches based on the pathological role of gut dysbiosis on the link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance.](/en/papers/36930488) — Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023 — hydrogen-rich water — not assessed

## Related safety notes

- [/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration](/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [/safety-notes/lineage](/en/safety-notes/lineage)

---
> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — https://h2-papers.org/en/topics/hydrogen-water/evidence