# Evidence base for hydrogen-saline infusion

Hydrogen-saline intravenous infusion is a clinic-only delivery route. Clinical and animal studies are catalogued here; for routine intake, inhalation remains the most practical route (→ [safety notes](/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)).

## Related papers (73)

- [Acoustic hydrogen delivery to treat PANoptosis induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.](/en/papers/41671925) — Biomater Adv 2026 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen Molecule Delivery System to Ischemic Intestine Using Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of Aorta in Hemorrhagic Shock-A Proof-of-Concept Study.](/en/papers/41751354) — Biomedicines 2026 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hemodialysis employing molecular hydrogen (H) enriched dialysis solution may improve dialysis related fatigue through impact on energy metabolism.](/en/papers/39934143) — Sci Rep 2025 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Modulating NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity and Enhancing Cortical Synaptic Plasticity: Nanoparticulate Hydrogen's Role in Relief of Post-traumatic Anxiety-like Behaviors in Rats.](/en/papers/41261203) — Mol Neurobiol 2025 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Four-dimensional data independent acquisition proteomics and metabolomics reveal mechanisms of hydrogen-rich water at Zusanli (ST36) point against triple-negative breast cancer in mice.](/en/papers/41376217) — J Tradit Chin Med 2025 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Protective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline on Spinal Cord Damage in Rats.](/en/papers/37111284) — Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich saline regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy rat model.](/en/papers/37556997) — Int Immunopharmacol 2023 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich saline alleviates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by reducing expression of calpain1 via miR-124-3p.](/en/papers/37602925) — ESC Heart Fail 2023 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Attenuation of Myocardial Fibrosis Using Molecular Hydrogen by Inhibiting the TGF-β Signaling Pathway in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats.](/en/papers/34618887) — Am J Hypertens 2022 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Evaluation of the hydrogen-rich water alleviation potential on mercury toxicity in earthworms using ATR-FTIR and LC-ESI-MS/MS spectroscopy.](/en/papers/34718956) — Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Treatment with Hydrogen-Rich Water Improves the Nociceptive and Anxio-Depressive-like Behaviors Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Pain in Mice.](/en/papers/36358525) — Antioxidants (Basel) 2022 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Effects of hydrogen-rich saline in neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in rat model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.](/en/papers/36435787) — J Transl Med 2022 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Pharmacokinetics of hydrogen administered intraperitoneally as hydrogen-rich saline and its effect on ischemic neuronal cell death in the brain in gerbils.](/en/papers/36574398) — PLoS One 2022 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Protective Effects of a Hydrogen-Rich Preservation Solution in a Canine Lung Transplantation Model.](/en/papers/32649946) — Ann Thorac Surg 2021 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Protective effects of hydrogen rich saline solution on ventral penile mathieu type flap with penile tourniquet application in rats.](/en/papers/33608226) — J Pediatr Urol 2021 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen alleviates acute lung injury induced by limb ischaemia/reperfusion in mice.](/en/papers/34052293) — Life Sci 2021 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Molecular hydrogen attenuates methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization and activation of ERK-ΔFosB signaling in the mouse nucleus accumbens.](/en/papers/31629777) — Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Protective effects of hydrogen‑rich saline against experimental diabetic peripheral neuropathy via activation of the mitochondrial ATP‑sensitive potassium channel channels in rats.](/en/papers/31746358) — Mol Med Rep 2020 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Protective effects of a hydrogen-rich solution during cold ischemia in rat lung transplantation.](/en/papers/31780065) — J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Protective Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water Against Cartilage Damage in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Matrix Catabolism, and Apoptosis.](/en/papers/31927559) — Med Sci Monit 2020 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Molecular hydrogen regulates PTEN-AKT-mTOR signaling via ROS to alleviate peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis.](/en/papers/31930571) — FASEB J 2020 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Molecular hydrogen: potential in mitigating oxidative-stress-induced radiation injury.](/en/papers/30543459) — Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Sustained release of bioactive hydrogen by Pd hydride nanoparticles overcomes Alzheimer's disease.](/en/papers/30703744) — Biomaterials 2019 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich solution attenuates cold ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat liver transplantation.](/en/papers/30736744) — BMC Gastroenterol 2019 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Organ preservation solution containing dissolved hydrogen gas from a hydrogen-absorbing alloy canister improves function of transplanted ischemic kidneys in miniature pigs.](/en/papers/31574107) — PLoS One 2019 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Prevention of ischemia-induced hearing loss by intravenous administration of hydrogen-rich saline in gerbil.](/en/papers/29223865) — Neurosci Lett 2018 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-Rich Saline Regulates Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, Dysbiosis, and Bacterial Translocation in a Murine Model of Sepsis.](/en/papers/29293174) — Shock 2018 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Novel haemodialysis (HD) treatment employing molecular hydrogen (H)-enriched dialysis solution improves prognosis of chronic dialysis patients: A prospective observational study.](/en/papers/29321509) — Sci Rep 2018 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline on pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophyin rats: possible role of JAK-STAT signaling.](/en/papers/29433438) — BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018 — injection / infusion — positive
- [[Effect of hydrogen-rich water on the chondriosome damage and cytokines in brain tissue of rats with traumatic brain injury].](/en/papers/29663991) — Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2018 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Translational Research of Peritoneal Dialysis Solution with Dissolved Molecular Hydrogen.](/en/papers/30041222) — Contrib Nephrol 2018 — injection / infusion — positive
- [[Research progress of hydrogen-rich saline for eye diseases].](/en/papers/30107657) — Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2018 — injection / infusion — not assessed
- [Hydrogen Flush After Cold Storage as a New End-Ischemic Ex Vivo Treatment for Liver Grafts Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.](/en/papers/30120877) — Liver Transpl 2018 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Molecular hydrogen protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mouse fatty liver model via regulating HO-1 and Sirt1 expression.](/en/papers/30232347) — Sci Rep 2018 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich saline improves non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease by alleviating oxidative stress and activating hepatic PPARα and PPARγ.](/en/papers/28098910) — Mol Med Rep 2017 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Protective effects of molecular hydrogen on steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits via reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis.](/en/papers/28148301) — BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Molecular hydrogen potentiates beneficial anti-infarct effect of hypoxic postconditioning in isolated rat hearts: a novel cardioprotective intervention.](/en/papers/28350967) — Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates anxiety-like behaviors in morphine-withdrawn mice.](/en/papers/28359771) — Neuropharmacology 2017 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Therapeutic effects of hydrogen on chronic graft-versus-host disease.](/en/papers/28374556) — J Cell Mol Med 2017 — injection / infusion — positive
- [[Effect of hydrogen-rich water on the CD34 expression in lesion boundary brain tissue of rats with traumatic brain injury].](/en/papers/28627348) — Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2017 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Protective effects of hydrogen rich water on the intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury due to intestinal intussusception in a rat model.](/en/papers/28744362) — Med Gas Res 2017 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Possible clinical effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) delivery during hemodialysis in chronic dialysis patients: Interim analysis in a 12 month observation.](/en/papers/28902900) — PLoS One 2017 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Dissolved molecular hydrogen (H) in Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) solutions preserves mesothelial cells and peritoneal membrane integrity.](/en/papers/29089029) — BMC Nephrol 2017 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Treatment with Hydrogen-Rich Saline Delays Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.](/en/papers/26537817) — Neurochem Res 2016 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich water attenuates brain damage and inflammation after traumatic brain injury in rats.](/en/papers/26826009) — Brain Res 2016 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Developing imidazoles as CEST MRI pH sensors.](/en/papers/27071959) — Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2016 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Neuroprotective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline in Global Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Rats: Up-Regulated Tregs and Down-Regulated miR-21, miR-210 and NF-κB Expression.](/en/papers/27386874) — Neurochem Res 2016 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-Rich Saline as an Innovative Therapy for Cataract: A Hypothesis.](/en/papers/27606690) — Med Sci Monit 2016 — injection / infusion — not assessed
- [[Effects of hydrogen-rich water on the expression of aquaporin 1 in the cerebral cortex of rat with traumatic brain injury].](/en/papers/29923387) — Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2016 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Spinal peroxynitrite contributes to remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia via enhancement of divalent metal transporter 1 without iron-responsive element-mediated iron accumulation in rats.](/en/papers/25501899) — Anesthesiology 2015 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Intravenous infusion of H2-saline suppresses oxidative stress and elevates antioxidant potential in Thoroughbred horses after racing exercise.](/en/papers/26493164) — Sci Rep 2015 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich saline may be an effective and specific novel treatment for osteoradionecrosis of the jaw.](/en/papers/26508867) — Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015 — injection / infusion — not assessed
- [Sirtuin Type 1 Mediates the Retinal Protective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline Against Light-Induced Damage in Rats.](/en/papers/26720481) — Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015 — injection / infusion — positive
- [[Effects of hydrogen rich water on the expression of Nrf 2 and the oxidative stress in rats with traumatic brain injury].](/en/papers/27132459) — Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2015 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Effect of a hydrogen (H2)-enriched solution on the albumin redox of hemodialysis patients.](/en/papers/24274030) — Hemodial Int 2014 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Molecular hydrogen suppresses reactive astrogliosis related to oxidative injury during spinal cord injury in rats.](/en/papers/24685114) — CNS Neurosci Ther 2014 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich saline promotes survival of retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of optic nerve crush.](/en/papers/24915536) — PLoS One 2014 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Therapeutic efficacy of infused molecular hydrogen in saline on rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.](/en/papers/24929023) — Int Immunopharmacol 2014 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline on ulcerative colitis rat model.](/en/papers/23773716) — J Surg Res 2013 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Transperitoneal administration of dissolved hydrogen for peritoneal dialysis patients: a novel approach to suppress oxidative stress in the peritoneal cavity.](/en/papers/23816239) — Med Gas Res 2013 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich saline prevents neointima formation after carotid balloon injury by suppressing ROS and the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway.](/en/papers/22153150) — Atherosclerosis 2012 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich saline protects retina against glutamate-induced excitotoxic injury in guinea pig.](/en/papers/22154552) — Exp Eye Res 2012 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich saline protects spermatogenesis and hematopoiesis in irradiated BALB/c mice.](/en/papers/22367121) — Med Sci Monit 2012 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich saline protects immunocytes from radiation-induced apoptosis.](/en/papers/22460088) — Med Sci Monit 2012 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in a rat model of traumatic brain injury via reducing oxidative stress.](/en/papers/22475349) — J Surg Res 2012 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Beneficial effect of hydrogen-rich saline on cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.](/en/papers/22589232) — J Neurosci Res 2012 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline on rat diabetic model and insulin resistant model via reduction of oxidative stress.](/en/papers/22800834) — Chin Med J (Engl) 2012 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia via reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.](/en/papers/23010312) — Brain Res 2012 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline on decompression sickness in rats.](/en/papers/21702310) — Aviat Space Environ Med 2011 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates the severity of l-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.](/en/papers/20138831) — Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010 — injection / infusion — positive
- [Saturated hydrogen saline protects the lung against oxygen toxicity.](/en/papers/20568549) — Undersea Hyperb Med 2010 — injection / infusion — positive
- [The hypothesis of an effective safe and novel radioprotective agent: hydrogen-rich solution.](/en/papers/21275114) — West Indian Med J 2010 — injection / infusion — not assessed
- [Hydrogen-rich saline protects myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.](/en/papers/19596825) — Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009 — injection / infusion — positive

## Related safety notes

- [/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration](/en/safety-notes/inhalation-concentration)
- [/safety-notes/lineage](/en/safety-notes/lineage)

---
> **Cite as**: H2 Papers — https://h2-papers.org/en/topics/injection/evidence