antioxidant enzymes

423 papers

Research evidence summary

Q: Does molecular hydrogen help with antioxidant enzymes?

A: Of 423 peer-reviewed papers, 305 reported a positive effect (the most common), 38 limited/mixed, 3 negative, 77 not assessed. Study mix: 80 human (45 RCT), 222 animal/basic, 75 meta-analysis or synthesis. The most studied delivery route is hydrogen-rich water. The above aggregates published research and does not constitute a clinically established conclusion. See the individual paper pages for details and Safety notes for inhalation safety. (last updated 2026-05-15)

Evidence breakdown
Human	80	of which RCT	45
Animal/basic	222	Synthesis/meta	75
Reported effect	positive 305 ・ limited/mixed 38 ・ negative 3 ・ not assessed 77

Read the safety notes →

Delivery-method distribution

hydrogen-rich water: 179 in vitro: 65 inhalation: 48 mixed routes: 47 injection / infusion: 36 not specified: 30 animal model: 8 topical application: 7 hydrogen bath: 3

Protective effects of hydrogen-rich water against acute lead-induced hepatic, renal, and testicular toxicity in rats.
2026 ・ Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol ・ PMID 42115396

hydrogen-rich water positive animal study
Adjunctive Molecular Hydrogen Capsule Therapy in Empyema Complicated by Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: A Case Report.
2026 ・ In Vivo ・ PMID 42049414

hydrogen-rich water positive human case report
Hydrogen-Rich Water as a Performance-Enhancing Aid in National-Level Finswimmers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study.
2026 ・ Int J Sports Physiol Perform ・ PMID 41991147

hydrogen-rich water mixed human randomized controlled trial
Green transformation of hemp seed protein: structural modification and functional enhancement with hydrogen-rich water.
2026 ・ Int J Biol Macromol ・ PMID 41932478

in vitro positive in vitro study
Molecular hydrogen as a treatment for ME/CFS: a mini-review of clinical evidence and mechanistic rationale.
2026 ・ Front Med (Lausanne) ・ PMID 41930109

hydrogen-rich water positive review
Silicon-based agent mitigates fatty liver formation in a CDAHFD60-induced MASH mouse model by enhancing hepatic function.
2026 ・ Biochem Biophys Rep ・ PMID 41890216

hydrogen-rich water positive animal study
Comparison of hydrogen administration methods in the treatment of radiation-induced heart disease in rats.
2026 ・ Can J Physiol Pharmacol ・ PMID 41806364

mixed routes positive animal study
Enhanced phytoremediation of Cd-As co-contaminated farmland using hydrogen-rich water: Mechanisms and efficiency evaluation in Solanum nigrum L․.
2026 ・ J Environ Sci (China) ・ PMID 41765536

hydrogen-rich water positive other
Adjunctive Molecular Hydrogen Therapy Modulates T Cell Markers and Reduces Anti-Ro Antibody in Refractory Oral Ulcers of Behçet's Disease and Sjögren's Syndrome: A Case Report.
2026 ・ In Vivo ・ PMID 41760342

hydrogen-rich water positive human case report
Molecular Hydrogen Improves Storage Quality of Bok Choy by Reducing Water Loss and Maintaining Cell Wall Integrity.
2026 ・ Plants (Basel) ・ PMID 41754355

in vitro positive other
Hydrogen-rich water improves endurance by reducing skeletal muscle oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
2026 ・ Front Nutr ・ PMID 41641160

hydrogen-rich water positive animal study
Molecular hydrogen therapy in musculoskeletal conditions: An evidence-based review and critical analysis.
2026 ・ World J Orthop ・ PMID 41608485

mixed routes positive review
Revisiting molecular hydrogen signaling in mitochondria: Is the Rieske protein the entry point or a downstream sentinel?
2026 ・ Redox Biol ・ PMID 41496215

not specified not assessed review
Rhupus Syndrome With Multiple Drug Intolerances Managed by Reduced-dose Rituximab and Adjunctive Molecular Hydrogen Therapy: A Case Report.
2026 ・ In Vivo ・ PMID 41482402

hydrogen-rich water positive human case report
Adjuvant Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in SLE-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Case Report on Immunomodulatory Effects on Regulatory and Effector Lymphocytes.
2026 ・ In Vivo ・ PMID 41482388

hydrogen-rich water positive human case report
Emerging Clinical Applications for Molecular Hydrogen.
2026 ・ Respir Care ・ PMID 41449652

inhalation not assessed review
Osteoimmunometabolic modulation via hydrogen-self-supplying magnesium-reinforced collagen membrane for enhanced guided bone regeneration.
2026 ・ Biomaterials ・ PMID 41435455

in vitro positive animal study
Influence of hydrogen-rich water on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters in experimentally induced hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism models.
2026 ・ Reprod Toxicol ・ PMID 41421768

hydrogen-rich water positive animal study
Postharvest preservation of chestnuts: Combined application of hydrogen-rich water and a carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate composite coating.
2026 ・ Int J Biol Macromol ・ PMID 41314584

hydrogen-rich water positive other
Gas Therapies for Neuro-Protection.
2026 ・ Crit Care Clin ・ PMID 41260719

inhalation not assessed review
Molecular hydrogen and kidney diseases: a scoping review based on scientometry and data analytics.
2026 ・ Med Gas Res ・ PMID 40826940

mixed routes positive review
Mechanism by which hydrogen-rich water mitigates exercise-induced fatigue: activation of the immunoresponsive gene 1-itaconate/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway.
2026 ・ Med Gas Res ・ PMID 40580185

hydrogen-rich water positive animal study
Hydrogen-rich water attenuates radiation-induced oral mucositis in mice via antioxidant and gut microbiota-stabilizing effects: a longitudinal study.
2025 ・ Gut Microbes Rep ・ PMID 41909889

hydrogen-rich water positive animal study
Hydrogen-Rich Water Potentiates Cannabinoid- and Gabapentinoid-Induced Analgesia in Neuropathic Pain.
2025 ・ Int J Mol Sci ・ PMID 41465581

hydrogen-rich water positive animal study
Exploring the Potential of Molecular Hydrogen in Different Heart Failure Models: A Review.
2025 ・ Int J Mol Sci ・ PMID 41373725

mixed routes not assessed review